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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Data Frame
A collection of thematic layers.
Layer
A collection of features that represent real-world objects that have the same shape and characteristics and are located within the same geographic extent.
Point
is composed of one coordinate pair representing a specific location on the earth's surface
Line
A is a sequence of two or more coordinate pairs - has a length
Polygon
A polygon is composed of one or more lines whose starting and ending coordinate pairs are the same. Polygons have two intrinsic values, perimeter and area.
Attribute
information associated with a GIS feature found in an attribute table.
unique numerical identifier
Number linking a feature to a row in an attribute table.
Metadata
Information that describes, or documents, a geographic dataset.
geographic extent
information about what geographic area the data covers
Name four basic types of spatial relationships
distance, containment, intersection, and adjacency
annotation
text added manually to a map
thematic map
A map on which features have been symbolized based on an attribute
Natural breaks (Jenks)—
identifies groupings of values that are inherent in your data. This is the default method because it is appropriate for most data.
Equal interval
—this method is like a ruler: the interval between each class is the same. For example, you might have classes with intervals of 10 percent (1-10%, 11-20%, 21-30%, etc.)
Quantile
—each class contains an equal number of values (features). For example, you might have 15 provinces grouped into three classes—each class would contain five provinces regardless of the attribute values.
data normalization.
The process of dividing one attribute by another
dot density map
visually by using dots to represent quantities of things in the real world
geographic coordinate system is
a reference system for identifying locations and measuring features on the curved surface of the earth. It consists of a network of intersecting lines called a graticule. The intersecting lines of the graticule are probably familiar terms to you—longitude and latitude.
projected coordinate system
is used to locate objects on a flat surface—a paper map or a digital GIS map displayed
Meridians
Lines of longitude
Parallels
Lines of latitude
datum
defines the origin of the geographic coordinate system
A projected coordinate system
is a reference system for identifying locations and measuring features on a flat (map) surface. It consists of lines that intersect at right angles, forming a grid. Projected coordinate systems, which are based on Cartesian coordinates, have an origin, an x and a y axis, and a unit for measuring distance.
false easting
number added to the x coordinate to ensure that no coordinates have a negative number on a projected coordinate system
False northing
number added to the y coordinate to ensure that no coordinates have a negative number on a projected coordinate system
Map units are
the units in which the coordinates for a dataset are stored.
azimuth
Direction
Conformal projection
Conserves local shapes and angles
Equal area Projection
preserves areas
Equidistant projection
Preserves distance from one or two specified points to all other points on the map
Azimuthal projection
All directions are true from a single specified point (usually the center) to all other points on the map
Compromise projection
No point is completely distortion free; distortion is minimized near the center and along the equator