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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Data Frame
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A collection of thematic layers.
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Layer
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A collection of features that represent real-world objects that have the same shape and characteristics and are located within the same geographic extent.
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Point
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is composed of one coordinate pair representing a specific location on the earth's surface
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Line
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A is a sequence of two or more coordinate pairs - has a length
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Polygon
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A polygon is composed of one or more lines whose starting and ending coordinate pairs are the same. Polygons have two intrinsic values, perimeter and area.
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Attribute
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information associated with a GIS feature found in an attribute table.
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unique numerical identifier
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Number linking a feature to a row in an attribute table.
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Metadata
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Information that describes, or documents, a geographic dataset.
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geographic extent
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information about what geographic area the data covers
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Name four basic types of spatial relationships
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distance, containment, intersection, and adjacency
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annotation
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text added manually to a map
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thematic map
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A map on which features have been symbolized based on an attribute
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Natural breaks (Jenks)—
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identifies groupings of values that are inherent in your data. This is the default method because it is appropriate for most data.
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Equal interval
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—this method is like a ruler: the interval between each class is the same. For example, you might have classes with intervals of 10 percent (1-10%, 11-20%, 21-30%, etc.)
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Quantile
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—each class contains an equal number of values (features). For example, you might have 15 provinces grouped into three classes—each class would contain five provinces regardless of the attribute values.
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data normalization.
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The process of dividing one attribute by another
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dot density map
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visually by using dots to represent quantities of things in the real world
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geographic coordinate system is
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a reference system for identifying locations and measuring features on the curved surface of the earth. It consists of a network of intersecting lines called a graticule. The intersecting lines of the graticule are probably familiar terms to you—longitude and latitude.
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projected coordinate system
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is used to locate objects on a flat surface—a paper map or a digital GIS map displayed
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Meridians
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Lines of longitude
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Parallels
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Lines of latitude
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datum
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defines the origin of the geographic coordinate system
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A projected coordinate system
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is a reference system for identifying locations and measuring features on a flat (map) surface. It consists of lines that intersect at right angles, forming a grid. Projected coordinate systems, which are based on Cartesian coordinates, have an origin, an x and a y axis, and a unit for measuring distance.
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false easting
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number added to the x coordinate to ensure that no coordinates have a negative number on a projected coordinate system
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False northing
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number added to the y coordinate to ensure that no coordinates have a negative number on a projected coordinate system
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Map units are
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the units in which the coordinates for a dataset are stored.
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azimuth
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Direction
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Conformal projection
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Conserves local shapes and angles
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Equal area Projection
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preserves areas
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Equidistant projection
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Preserves distance from one or two specified points to all other points on the map
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Azimuthal projection
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All directions are true from a single specified point (usually the center) to all other points on the map
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Compromise projection
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No point is completely distortion free; distortion is minimized near the center and along the equator
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