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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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means to describe the earth
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geography
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spend a lot of time making or studying maps
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cartography not just normal geographers
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two main sub-fields withing geography
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cultural/human geography and physical geography
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focuses largely on built environment and how space is created, viewed and managed by humans as well as the influence humans have on space they occupy
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cultural/human geography
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examines the natural environment and how the climate, vegetation and life,soil,water, and landforms are produced and interact
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physical geography
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aims to understand the physical lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere, and global flora and fauna patterns
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physical geography
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encompasses human,political, cultural,social, and economic aspects
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cultural geography
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qualities of europe
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region with world influence, high degree of specialization,numerous nation-states, urbanized population, high standards of living
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how is europe's climate
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diverse
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what is unique about europe location
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efficiency for contact with rest of world, every part is close to sea, navigable waterways, and moderate distance
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began in europe in 1750s
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agrarian revolution
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enabled increased food production which sustained population increase
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agrarian revolution
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developed in UK between 1750-1850
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industrial revolution
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proved to be a major catalyst towards increased urbanization
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industrial revolution
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what are many of europe's languages a part of
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indo-european language family
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a country's largest city if it's disproportionately larger than the second largest urban center- more 2x larger
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primate city
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what can you find in primate city
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political/gov't, finanical sector, high culture
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in what cities would you most likely find: high suburban densities, apartments, greenbelts, public transportation, land scarcity, centralization, government involvement in urban planning
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european cities
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what is europe's population density
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256 persons per sq. mile
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what percent of europe is urbanized
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75%
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what is changing europe's cultural landscape
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muslim immigration
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a venture involving three or more states
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supranationalism
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an economic union between Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg in 1944 during WWII
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benelux agreement
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when was the european union established
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feb. 7 1992
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when did the european union become effective
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nov. 1 1993
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what are the european union aimed to coordinate policy among members in three areas
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economics, defense, and justice and home affairs
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how many EU members participate in the Euro currency
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15 out of 27
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what are problems with supranationalism
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disparities in levels of economic development, loss of autonomy, bureaucracy, technical barriers, cultural barriers
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what are the countries that make up the western europe
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germany, france, british isles
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divided into communist east and democratic west until the wall came down in 1989
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germany
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what country today is a unified federal republic and one of the best economies in the world
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germany
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what is france classic primate city
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paris
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what social issues does france have
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immigration integration
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what countries are part of the British Isles
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united kingdom and ireland
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what countries make up the united kingdom
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great britain, scotland, wales, northern ireland
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what countries make up nothern europe
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scandinavia, finland, estonia
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what countries are part of scandinavia
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norway, sweden, and denmark
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In this part of northern europe, climate is colder so don't get direct sunlight which causes the people to be extremely fair and not contain what
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enough vitamin D
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have highest standards of living
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northern europe
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what is denmark the happiest country in the world
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ride bikes a lot so work out more which in return makes you happy
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contains six countries and a discontinuous region
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mediterranean europe
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what does it mean for the mediterranean europe to be of the periphery of core
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dont matter as much as main land of europe
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climate is warm/cool moist winters and hot/non humid summers
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mediterranean europe
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what does mediterranean culture date back from
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Greco-Roman times
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most populated of mediterranean countries
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italy
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most economically advanced and best connected to the european core
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italy
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what does italy display a sharp north/south contrast
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nothern italy seems to be part of the core but south doesn't and is controlled by moors
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what are italys main cities
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Milan and Rome
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what is the difference between Italy's North and south regions
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Northern Italy is more industrailized and south is more cultural
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what does southern Italy contain more
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gangs and organized crimes; mainly in Sicily
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an enclave within Rome; the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church
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Vatican City
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functions as an independent political entity
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Vatican City
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what countries are part of the Iberian Peninsula
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Spain and Portugal
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where does many of the architecture on the peninsula date back from
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muslims from north africa
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south eastern mediterranean
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greece, cyprus, malta
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border with SW Asia
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Malta
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europe's largest region and contains the most countries
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eastern europe
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europe's largest state
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Poland
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eastern europe incorporates europe's poorest country
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moldova
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what is eastern europe known for
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corruption and economic problems
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what are many of the ethnic groups in eastern europe called
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slavic meaning slaves
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means to break up into smaller and often hostile unites
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balkanization
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applied to the southern half of eastern europe
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balkanization
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name came from the more powerful western countries deciding to put little ethnic groups in one area
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yugoslavia
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who did the United States go to war with because of genocide from the serbs over the muslims
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bosnia
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a term applied to Eastern Europe by geographers to describe a zone of chronic political splintering and fracturing
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shatter belt
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a place where different groups want to break off and form their own countries
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shatter belt
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world's largest territorial state
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russia
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northernmost large and populous country in the world
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russia
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what is russia's climate location affected by
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latitudinal position,continental position, and location of major mountains
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eastward continuation of north european lowland; core area
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russian plain
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an eastern branch of christainity
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orthodox christianity
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what did Karl Marx write
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communist manifests
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what did Karl Marx believe about religion
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was an escape from reality
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lasted from 1922-1991
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USSR
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what was the problem between constantinople and rome
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where to put the headquarter of catholic church
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uncompetitive system of command economy, over-industrialization, intensification of ethno-cultural nationalism and separatism, and steady erosion of communist ideology
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from soviet union to independent states
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what are russia's prospects
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economic, regional, and demographic
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who is the world's largest exporter of oil
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russia
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what are some of russia's external challenges
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natural resource distribuion, irrdentism, and national pride
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concern for russians outside its borders
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irredentism
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an ethnic group that spread out of the swamps of Belaurs into Ukraine, Lithuanian, Russia,Estonia, etc.
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Slavs
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attacks on neighbors and russians
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chechan terrorism
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eastern part of russia
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siberia
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what countries are part of transcaucasia
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georgia, armenia, azerbaijan
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has large muslim population
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azerbaijan
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what was caused from communist manipulation of borders in the region; internment of Chechans during WWII for alleged collaboration with Nazi Germans
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Chechnya seperatism
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what countries make up north america
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canada and united states
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characteristics of north america
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two continental countries, predominately english language, christian faith, and european norms
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highly urbanized, mobile populations, high incomes, manufacturing output, federal states with plural societies
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north america
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who are indigenous people
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native americans
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reasons for migration or immigration
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push or pull factors
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condition so bad in homeland that forces you to leave
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push factor
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conditions at destination are so good cause you to leave homeland
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pull factor
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what part of north america was the first to be colonized
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east and gulf coast
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why do so many hispanics live in south west of united states
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border with mexico and land use to be part of mexico
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why do so many native americans live in western area of united states
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because europeans push them farther to west area so they could settle and oklahoma was once made the indian territory
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why are so many african americans living in the southeast of united states
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descendants of slaves who work in the south in the fields; have some african americans in north for manufacturing jobs
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why are so many asian living in west coast
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west side is closer to asia so dont travel all around the world to get the u.s.
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church of england and formed under Henry VII; generally rich people
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anglican
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what religions are break off of catholic
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baptist, Methodist, and Lutheran
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break off of baptist and speak in tongues
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pentecostal
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what are most jobs like in post-industrial economy
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jobs in service industry
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a large percentage of french speakers
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Canada
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what are the regions of the realm of north america
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north american core, maritime northeast, french canada, continental interior, south, southwest, western frontier, northern frontier, and pacific hinge
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synonymous with the manufacturing belt but now called rust belt
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north american core
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conatins the largest city and capitals of the both North America countries
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North American core
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upper new england and the atlantic provinces and economic focus on tourism
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maritime Northeast
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the southern portion of Quebec and neighboring Acadia
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French Canada
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big french-speaking region
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Quebec
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center of the northern United States and southern Canada
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continental interior
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realm's newest region
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western frontier
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church or Latter Day saints
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mormons
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founder of the Mormons and recieved another testament about Jesus in the New World called the Book of Mormon
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Joseph Smith
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where were the Mormons pushed to
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Utah
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North Americas largest region
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North American Frontier
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Southeast corner of the realm and most dynamic region in terms of change
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south
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United States borderland
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southwest
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pacific coastlands of the conterminous United States and South West Canada
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Pacific Hinge
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what is middle american known as
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Mesoamerica
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areas included in middle america
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mexico to south america and caribbean island
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source area from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that changed the world beyond
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culture hearth
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what are two middle american hearth
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aztec and mayans
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what are some natural hazards that occur in middle america
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hurricanes and earth quakes
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pinnacle was in the Valley of Mexico and capital city was Tenochititlan
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Aztec
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contained 100000 people more than european city in 1300C.E.
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Tenochtitlan
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Pinnacle was around Yucatan Pennisula and at its height 3000 years ago
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Mayans
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spanish cattle-holding institution
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haciendas
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production oriented for export and typically a single crop
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plantation
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what are some legacy of colonialism
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land was appropriated, lands devoted to food crops were converted to cash crops and land alienation
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the realm's giant of middle america
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mexico
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established a trade agreement between mexico, canada, and the united states
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NAFTA
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initiated after WWII to accomadate returning Braceros and had to work in the factories for United States during WWII
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maquiladoras
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what are some ways tropical deforestation is happening in middle america
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clearing of rural lands, logging, and population expansion
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poorest country in the Western Hemisphere
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Haiti
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highest rates of HIV/AIDS outside of Africa
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Haiti
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what is the caribbean economy based on
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tourism
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what is cubas communist leader
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Fidel Castro
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highest literacy rate and lowest infant mortality rate in western hemisphere
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Cuba
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what are the greater antilles in the caribbean basin
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cuba,hispaniola, jamaica, and puerto rico
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