Geog Test 4

Front 1

climate

Back 1

the consistent, long term behavior of weather over time

Front 2

climograph

Back 2

graphs that show climate and precipitation

Front 3

climate region

Back 3

areas of similar weather statistics

Front 4

biome

Back 4

large terrestrial ecosystem characterized by specific plant communities and formations; usually named after the predominant vegetation in the region

Front 5

Climate and day length characteristics of tropical rain forests(6)

Back 5

1.day length does not vary
2.temperature does not vary
3.greater difference between day and night temps over monthly temps
4.under the influence of the itcz
5.steady moisture supply
6.steady insolation supply

Front 6

Characteristics of TRF soils (4)

Back 6

1.called oxisols
2.infertile
3.fertility occurs in the leaf and debris layer
4.nutrients have been leached out over time due to constant rainfall

Front 7

Characteristics of TRF plants (10)

Back 7

1.evergreen trees
2.form a rain forest
3.large, thin leaves
4.have emergent trees that rise above the main canopy
5.have buttressed trunks
6.pollinated by animals
7.some trees have cauliforous flowers
8.many epiphytes
9.stranger figs occur
10. lianas occur

Front 8

Characteristics of TRF animals(3)

Back 8

1.arboreal
2.leaf cutter ants are here
3.bats(help pollinate) and butterflies are important

Front 9

Liana

Back 9

long stemmed vines rooted in the soil using trees to gain access to well lit areas

Front 10

Strangler figs seeds

Back 10

germinate atop of trees, then send down branches that eventually reach the ground and kill the tree

Front 11

arboreal

Back 11

related to or resembling trees (tree dwelling)

Front 12

leaf cutter ants

Back 12

collect the leaves that they cut up

Front 13

buttressed trunk

Back 13

tree with projecting roots used for support

Front 14

Cauliflorous

Back 14

plants which flower and fruit from their main stems or woody trunks

Front 15

Characteristics of TropSav climate (5)

Back 15

1.precipitation occurs for 6 months
2.there are 2 rainy seasons
3.day length/insolation does not vary
4.fires occur during hot, dry months
5.The movement of the ITCZ back and forth across the landscape is the main source of rain

Front 16

Characteristics of TropSav plants (5)

Back 16

1.Grasses there grow dormant during the dry months
2.The grasses are pollinated by wind
3.The grass seeds are spread by wind
4.The plants often have dry, waxy, hair leaves
5.forbs- non woody plants

Front 17

Characteristics of TropSav animals (7)

Back 17

1.large ears help adapt to heat
2.wallowing in mud/water adapt to heat
3.many grazers and browsers
4.predators hunt prey in groups
5.predators can run long distances
6.termites build mounds important to ecosystem
7.wildebeests and zebras migrate with the rainy periods

Front 18

about TropSavs of the world (7)

Back 18

1.Pantanal (S America)
2.Serengeti Plains (Africa)
3.Llanos (S America)
4.Wildebeest/zebras- Serengeti
5.Giant otters, caimans and macaws are in the Pantanal
6.grazers eat mostly grasses
(wider muzzles and rows of teeth)
7.browsers eat non-graas vegeation
(narrow muzzles)

Front 19

about TropSeas Forest/Scrub (7)

Back 19

1.varies from shrubs to trees
2.low/erratic rainfall
3.semi-decidous trees lose leaves in dry season
4.drought adapted plants with small, hairy, waxy leaves
5.some trees flower and fruit in dry season
6.howler monkeys l
7.reptiles

Front 20

places of TropicSeas Forest/Shrub (3)

Back 20

1.galapagos islands
2.caribbean islands
3.south florida

Front 21

climate of Midlatitude Grasslands (8)

Back 21

1.occur in steppe climates
2.occus in cold midlatitude steppe climates
3.dry areas
4.variable/undependable rainfall
5.continental climate
6.day length varies throughout year
7.windy regions
8.can spawn violent storms

Front 22

soils of Midlatitude Grasslands (6)

Back 22

1.mollisols-rich and fertile soil
2.deep root grasses decay and contribute to soil fertility
3.lower rain levels help retain nutrients
4.ashes from surface fires add nutrients and save grasses
5.prairie dog burrows mix/aerate soil
6.buffalo hooves help stir the soils

Front 23

plants of Midlatitude Grasslands (6)

Back 23

1.grasses and many forbs dominate the grasslands
2.leaves are often small, hairy waxy so that they do not lose moisture
3.Plants often have deep roots to reach water that is far below the surface
4.Grasses grow from the bottom up
5.Grasses are wind-pollinated
6.Often the grass seeds are distributed by the wind

Front 24

animals of Midlatitude Grasslands (7)

Back 24

1.Prairie dog burrows and tunnels are called “towns;” provide shelter
2.Burrowers here include badgers, burrowing owls, and prairie dogs
3.Buffalos are grazers, mainly eating the grasses of the American prairies
4.There were once 15-20 million bison; all but 800 were killed by 1895
5.Pronghorns are the fastest running animals in North America
(pads on feet, large heart);long guard hairs repel rain
6.prairie chicken lives here
7.dung beetles spread nutrients

Front 25

about the Midlatitude Grasslands (4)

Back 25

1.North American Prairie is endangered
2.tallgrass in the east, shortgrass in the west
3.the Pampas (S America)
4.Eurasian Steppes

Front 26

about agriculture (5)

Back 26

1.Americans consume about one ton of corn per year
2.Most of the corn we consume is in cattle, pigs, chicken, fat, and corn syrup
3.Cattle have a rumen, which helps them digest grass
4.Most cattle in the beef industry today are grazed on open range their entire lives
5.main diet for cows is corn
*FALSE*
The build up of gas in the rumen that occurs on a corn diet for cattle is called rument bulge (F)
Corn makes cows’ rumens too acidic; this condition is called heartburn (F)
Cow manure from the cattle in feedlots makes excellent fertilizer (F).

Front 27

about Mediterranean Shrublands(7)

Back 27

1.on the western side of continents
2.summers are hot and dry because Subtropical high pressure cells move over it in summer
3.In the winter, these areas can be
cold and rainy
4.The plants have small, waxy, hair leaves to keep in moisture
5.The plants have volatile oils that encourage fire, resprout after
6.Basil, rosemary, and thyme are all Mediterranean shrubland plants
7.California- called chaparral
mediterranean-maquis
south africa-fynbos

Front 28

climate of Midlatitude Broadleaf/Mixed
Forest (4)

Back 28

1.humid subtropical and marine west coast
2.e asia and us have similar climates
3.mid latitude cyclonic storms are important to weather system
4.The climate is usually moist all year.

Front 29

soils of Midlatitude Broadleaf/Mixed Forest(2)

Back 29

1. ultisols-GA red clay, very infertile
2.alfisols-marine west coast, fertile

Front 30

plants of Midlatitude Broadleaf/Mixed Forest (6)

Back 30

1.decidous-trees that lose their leaves
2.orange and red pigments show lack of chlorophyll
3.Reds and purple pigments come from anthocyanins, manufactured by the leaves in fall.
4.Leaves are larger and thinner than those of drier climates.
5.Spring ephemeral:forbs that bloom in the spring before the trees and tall shrubs have leafed out
6.Fire is often part of the ecology of south Georgia.

Front 31

semi-deciduous forests of GA (4)

Back 31

1.Okefenokee Swamp is the largest freshwater swamp in North America.
2.Carnivorous plants capture and digest insects
3.longleaf pine stages: grass, rocket, and mature.
4.GA has half of the marshlands of the US eastern coast.

Front 32

about Tundra (5)

Back 32

1.climate governed by cp
2.soils are mucky in the summer
3.soils are underlain by permafrost
4.Snow cover avgs 8-10 months
5.Insects are plentiful in summer months.

Front 33

plants of the Tundra (6)

Back 33

1.60-80 day growing season
2.Some plants produce flower buds one season, and open their flowers the next year.
3.perennials live for more than one year; they don’t have the time and energy to grow from seeds
4.Plants are low to the ground
5.Plants have cup shaped flowers to trap heat.
6.sun tracking:they change direction with the sun, so that they can absorb insolation all day long.

Front 34

animals of the Tundra (6)

Back 34

1.They have fat reserves as a way of adapting to the cold.
2.Many will group together for warmth.
3.Some animals burrow in the snow for protection from the cold.
4.Caribou migrate to the boreal forest to have their young.
5.burrowers are Arctic Hares and Lemmings
6.musk ox has long guard hairs.

Front 35

about the Desert (5)

Back 35

1.Evapotranspiration is as water vapor lost though the leaves of plants
2.created through cold ocean currents
3.occur on leeward side of mtns
4.can be created by subtropical high pressure cells
5.some have cold winters

Front 36

plants of the deserts (6)

Back 36

1.succulent-hold in moisture (cacti)
2.may have shallow, spreading root systems to catch water quickly
3.deep root systems catch water underground
4.Leaves are often silvery-white to reflect light.
5.Leaves are often small, waxy and/or hairy
6.Annuals are a common life form.

Front 37

animals of the Desert (6)

Back 37

1.burrowing to escape heat
2.concentrating urine to conserve water
3.They often have long, lean bodies
4.large ears to dissipate heat
5.blood vessels near the surface to dissipate heat
6.have sweat glands for removing heat from the body.