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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Regions |
Areas with uniform or similar cultural and/or physical characteristics |
North America vs. South America humam |
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Human-Earth Relationships |
The impacts of the environment on people and their impact on the environment, the relationship between human societies and their environment |
The impact of deforestation on a region and its people or the relationship between the environment and technological development es |
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Eratosthenes 275-195 B.C. |
1ts geographers Measures the polar circumference of the Earth Became an accomplished cartographer Developed the idea of environmental zones based on temperature |
famous geographer |
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Bernhardus Verenius |
German who wrote Geographia Generalis First geography book in Europe |
More recent geographers |
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Alexander Von Humboldt (1769-1858) |
German, considered the "father" of modern physical geography > traveled and studied throughout the Americas, and Siberia >credited with bringing "scientific study" to the field of physical geography |
More recent geographers |
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Carl Ritter (1779-1859) |
Also German, and like Kant, urged human geographers to apply scientific methods to their inquiries |
More recent geographers |
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Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1094) Ellen Chruchill Semple (1863-1932) |
Pioneered the idea of environmental determinism which argued that the environment influences/controls people and societies |
More recent geographers |
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Ellsworth Huntington (1876-1947) |
Climate is a major determinant of civilization |
More recent geographers |
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Carl Sauer (1889-1975) Robert Platt (1880-1950) |
Argued opposite view of environmental determinism, that the environment does not necessarily cause human actions |
Recent geographers |
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David Harvey (1935-present) |
British geographer and social theorist |
Geographer |
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Doreen Massey (1944-present) |
British economic, social, and feminist geographer |
Geographer |
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Latitude |
Parallel lines that run East-West, & are measured North-South |
Start at 0 degrees (equator), and ending at 90 degrees (North & South Poles) |
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Longitude |
Non-parallel lines that run North-South, and are measures East-West |
Starting at 0 degrees (prime meridian), and ending at 180 degrees (International Date Line) |
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Major Lines of Latitude |
Equator (0`) Tropic of Cancer (23.5`N) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5`S) North Pole (90`N) South Pole (90`S) |
ECCNS |
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Major Lines of Longitude |
Prime Meridian (0`) International Dateline (180`) |
Earths rotation and meridians of longitude determine the time zones |
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Atmosphere |
Thin gaseous veil which surrounds the Earth |
>From sea level to 37,000 mi above surface >Ocean holds the vast majority of Earths water |
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Hydrosphere |
All of the water above, on and in the Earth; in all three states (solid, liquid, gas); includes fresh and salt |
>compromises some 71% of the Earths surface |
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Lithosphere |
Earth's crust and a portion of the upper mantle |
>the rocky, outer shell of the planet; both land and sea bottom |
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Biosphere |
Interconnection between the living organisms of the planet with their physical environment |
> life zone of the planet |
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Resource |
Anything obtained from the environment to meet the needs and wants of the individual, population, or species |
Food, water, space, air, soil, sunlight, minerals, etc |
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Cultural systems |
Reuse resources & products, recycle materials, reduce consumption |
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Human population issues |
Carrying capacity: What is the number of individuals that any one country can sustain at a particular resource usage rate or level without using up the resources |
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Sustainability of resources |
>controlling the harvesting, collecting, mining etc of the resource and doing so in as environmentally safe manner as possible > controlling the consumption levels of the resources > reusing, recycling, renewal of resources as much as possible >controlling the degradation of the resource |
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Impacts of Hunter-gatherers |
> more reliable food source = more ppl = need for more resources > increased degradation > led to humans thinking they can control nature |
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1st Ag Revolution |
Initially consisted of rudimentary types of agricultural: slash and burn cultivation, shifting cultivation, and subsistence farming > overtime grew more extensive, leading to permanent settlements and thus larger and larger agricultural activities |
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Industrial societies |
Beginning in mid to late 1700s in England and spreading across Europe and North America by the mid-1800s and continuing to the present |
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Atmosphere |
A mixture of discrete gases with solid and liquid particles suspended in it three constant gases make up just under 100% of the atmosphere: nitrogen 78% oxygen 21% argon 1% |
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Variable gases |
President and differing amounts in the atmosphere 4 which influence weather in my systems carbon dioxide,water vapor, methane, ozone |
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Hydrosphere |
>water 98% is in the ocean another salt water bodies 3% is in freshwater >77% of freshwater is an ice and glaciers 22% as in groundwater 1% is in lakes and ponds |
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Lithosphere |
The crustal surface: topographic relief – the vertical difference between highest elevation and lowest elevation |
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Vital |
Those resources necessary for sustaining basic life functions |
Food, water, air |
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Biosphere |
Flora fauna and other living organisms >biodiversity and biological diversity – the variety of lifeforms the ecological roles they perform in the genetic diversity they contain |
Basic building blocks – matter – from subatomic particle's to ecosystems |
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Essential |
Those resources deemed necessary for human life by the particular society and times |
Energy, oil, farmland, trees, minerals, clothes, etc |
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Material (Tangible) |
A resource which can be quantified, can be measured & it's supply may be limited |
Oil, natural gas, coal, trees |
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Non-material (intangible) |
A resource whose quantity cannot be measured and usually not touched or physically held |
Beauty, love, solitude, aesthetics, etc |
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Sustained yield |
The highest rate at which a renewable source can be used without reducing its available supply throughout the world or In a particular place |
Harvesting trees at a particular rate |
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Resource scarcity |
How scarce or abundant a resource is Absolute: when supplies of a resource are completely exhausted or are at such an insufficient level that they become too expensive to meet present/future demand Relative: when enough of a resource is still available to meet demand, but it's distribution is unbalanced |
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Natural sciences |
Biology, chemistry, atmospheric, oceanography, geology, physics |
Ecology, zoology, botany, biochemistry, organic |
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Economic systems |
Effects of agricultural systems vs industrial systems or capitalist vs socialist etc >use of resources, types and amounts, with each type of system >level and types of pollution from these activities, and then clean up |
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Political systems |
Favor exploitation of resources or conservation or a mixture |
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