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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Shared risks |
~ Civil, state, private: how do each view water ~ Physical water scarcity: climate change, overuse - Some more able to extract than others, leaves minimal amount left for others ~ Pollution: market externalities, not considering impacts, impacts shared by the community ~ Inadequate infrastructure ~ Shortfalls in policies and regulations ~ Demand: closed water sys (tied to stocks), peak non-renewable resources |
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The private sector |
~ Profit making ~ Economic efficiency ~ Ecological sustainability: new goal due to ac tivism |
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Gleick: Chapter 2 The Economics of Water |
~ How water is commodified - Virtual water ~ How its traded: value of water when trade water intensive goods and services ~ Role of stakeholders: complex based on value placed on usage ~ Shared risks: - Physical water scarcity: Climate change, overuse - Pollution: Externalities (external to corpora tions activities) CO2, Methane from fracking ~ Inadequate infrastructure ~ Shortfalls in policies and regulation ~ Demand: more and more demand for water, going from renewable to nonrenewable - Closed system: tied to stocks, peak non-re newable water |
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Corporate paradigms |
~ Environmental protection (EP) ~ Resource management (RM) ~ Ecodevelopment (ED) |
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Environmental protection (EP) |
~ Conduct "business as usual" ~ Focus on response and not planning, have a willingness to pay penalties, the risk is worth it ~ Readiness to compensate |
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Resource management (RM) |
Preventive planning ahead approach Contingency planning ~ Hybrid of economic efficiency and ecological sustainability ~ Reducing pollution and carbon footprints ~ Risk assessments: contingency planning ~ Long term economic growth |
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Ecodevelopment (ED) |
~ "Beyond the fence line" - stewardship ~ Natural resources- economic and ecological value ~ Design and development of sustainable prac tices ~ Partnerships: corporate, government, NGO's |
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Private sector |
Views water as a double edged sword - Used as a production input, embedded in process and treatment of activities - Impact of production processes on water re sources - Need water for activities, usage negative I'm pacts stocks |
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) |
~ Companies taking responsibilities that their ac tions impact the society at large ~ Reporting standards - Economic practices - Sociocultural impact - Energy consumption EX: GAP and factory over sight |
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"Greenwashing" |
CSR's designed to promote water- efficiency are incentivized - Cost management - Expand customer base - Improve public relations - Branding tool |
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Impact on society when corps take CSR's |
Advantages: - Better quality goods and services - Informed customer base - Fosters research and development - Positive impacts on human health - Positive impacts on the envi Disadvantages: - Premium price for goods and services - Niche customer base - Cost management: outsourcing, cheap labor base - Political interests: corps who take CSR be cause politically beneficial - Corporate equity: influence market dynamo ics, improve stocks |
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Sustainable water management |
As perceived by the private sector: - Maintain operational costs, production, and decision making capacity - Profits above community water use - Sustainable practices that yield tangible out comes - Focus on short term v. long term sustainability |
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Global Trade |
~ Virtual water - Indirect water footprint - Producers, exporters - Consumers, importers - Efficiency: determine the quantity of water used - Where is it coming from - Who is it coming from - Productivity: how much water needed to produce a ton of goods - Transport is included in trade |
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Virtual Water |
-Indirect water footprint - Producers, exporters -Consumers, importers -Efficiency |
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Importers v. Exporters |
- Usually from a highly productive country (US)to a lot productivity country(Mexico) - U.S. national water loss (forfeiting pop. cost) - Mexico has a national water saving, low economic its the reason why they import |
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Savings and Losses |
-National water savings - Importing country: experience water scarcity, transboundary issues with competition, scarcity of natural resources (Japan) or tech., lack of infrastructure, low productivity - Exporting country: quantity of green/blue water used in production, energy intensive products, technological advancement, high productivity |
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Net national water savings |
#1 japan - Mexico, Italy, China, Algeria, Russia Import things like cereal crops, wheat, maize, rice, oil bearing products, livestock |
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Reasons why countries trade in virtual water |
-export earnings and increase production cost -high internal water footprint: using the water domestically because have a lot of natural available water resources -type of crops imported - trade agreements- bound by a contract to import/export x amount of a commodity |
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Import/ Export example: Thailand to Indonesia |
- Thailands virtual water content is higher than Indonesia - Indonesia has a low water footprint because they are more productive and are able to produce commodity with less water - Could be a trade agreement - Bid/tenders: corruption - will do anything to win the bid - only makes sense from high to low |
