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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Equity |
Fair and equitable use of water ~Everyone should be getting an equal share ~Must be looked at in a wholistic way |
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How is water used: |
~Access: has many determinants -Technology, resources, political capital and influence ~ Purpose - How much water for specific activities - Reasonable v. equitable use ~ Quality ~ Quantity |
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Factors that determine water rights |
~ Stakeholder profiles - historical/cultural factors - social, political & intellectual capital ~ Traditional/ modern institutional arrange ments - Modern: laws, acts, policies - Traditional: inherent right ~ Water availability ~ Scale: Macro v. Micro - How you organize yourself, communication across scales |
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Key Stakeholders |
~ State: national, state, local gov., public officials ~ Private: group that will benefit from the activity ~ Civil society: farmers, activists, environmentalists, religious institutions, non-profits |
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Role of the state |
~ Formulate and implement rules, regulations and laws ~ Public trust: state has a responsibility to protect for the public good ~ Grant permits and impose penalties |
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Role of the private sector |
~ Exploit water resources for profit ~ Hard to hold them accountable, can impose penalties but contingent on how well laws are being enforced |
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Role of civil society |
~ Civil society consists of individuals, groups and social institutions ~ View water as a public good ~ Varying levels of influence ~ Agency: ability for an individual group to act and exercise |
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Stakeholders |
Have differing: ~ Primary interests - Private: exploit - Civil: access, quantity and public good ~ Worldviews: historic and cultural background, how you were raised - Frontier economics: resources in environ ment available for exploitation - Deep ecology: minimal impact - Usually fall in between the two ~ Shared capital - Political: ability to influence decisions - Social: value of you relationships, formal or informal - Intellectual: Knowledge and skills of both sci entific and traditional knowledge |
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Water governance |
~ Rules, regulations and standards ~ International, regional & local ~ Manage use and quality of water |
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Mining |
~ Process related water use ~ Water used for quarrying, ridding impurities, & mineral processing ~ A lot of waste: de-watering --> all remaining water has to be pumped out (can be re- used/recycled) ~ Land degradation ~ Pollution |
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National Regulatory Frameworks |
~ Clean Water Act 1972: - Standards for quality - Strict waste water regulations - Manages EPA, USGS ~ NEPA - Governs all resources (natural resources) ~ Compacts - agreements between 2 or more states
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Regulating Groundwater use |
~ Underground Injection Control (IUC) - Can be new/existing wells - Class I or II - I: Only used for industrial waste disposal - Very strict standards(secure/no compromising) - II: Less stringent, majority of industrial & mining waste - Up to the industry to classify ~ Sole source aquifer: supplies 50% of water to communities above it - Stringent standards ~ Source water assessment - Step 1: Identify the assessment area - Step 2: Identify the sources of contamination - Step 3: Susceptibility analysis (probability of contamination) |
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Issues related to permits |
~ Ownership: lessor v. lessee - Who is responsible? Based on who is asking for the permit & quality and quantity of water ~ Requires specialized knowledge ~ Time consuming: Time is $, delays = $ ~ Permit fees: pay for what you are using, land and water ~ Follow up(self reporting): person who makes the permit gives the info, no regulation, little accountability ~ Varies by the state |
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Traditional Institutional agreements |
~ Tribal and village govt's, understanding based on culture and society ~ Deep cultural roots: religion and value systems ~ How natural resources are perceived: - Inherent worth: any resource has a purpose other than just for humans(larger purpose) - Economic value benefit to you @ a psycho logical level |
