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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural Region: Tropical Rainforest
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Climate: Tropical rainforest
Soils: Oxisols, Ultisols, (Latisols) Vegetation: four layers of normally evergreen vegetation. High, medium, and lower levels of tree layers, and shade loving mosses and small plants; parasytic vegetation Other: Laterization process, Liana vines, strangling fig |
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Natural Region: Tropical and Temperate Savanna
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Climate: Tropical and temperate savanna
Soils: Trop: Oxisols, Ultisols, and Vertisols Temp: Some volcanic-various Vegetation: Trop: scrubby deciduous trees and palms (some grasses) Temp: mixed hardwood and softwood in Middle America, Broadleaf Evergreen in South America Other: Wet and Dry seasons Savanna: found in West Coast of Costa Rica |
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Natural region: Desert
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Climate: Desert
Soils: Aridisols-fertile because of no leaching but danger of salinization -calcification process Vegetation: Xerophytic, Loma (in Atacama), cactus, mesquite, creosote, and "rocks" Other: Garua fog |
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Natural region: Steppe
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Climate: Steppe
Soils: Various-fertile Vegetation: Caatinga in Brazil, Monte in western Patagonia -Gran Chaco-quebracho tree. These and include thorny shrubs and trees, grasses, cacti, etc Other: Semiarid, Sertao |
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Natural region: Humid Subtropical
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Climate: Humid subtropical
Soils: Mollisols-highly fertile Vegetation: Tall grasses-Pampas, Other areas mixed forests/grasslands Other: Pampas-loess deposits (wind soils) -fertile soils, cows in the Pampa |
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Natural region: Mediterranean
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Climate: Mediterranean
Soils: Alfisols-fairly fertile Vegetation: Chaparral-woody shrubs and low evergreen trees Other: Wet season opposite of the temperate savanna and temperatures more mild |
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Natural region: Marine West Coast Rainforest
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Climate: Marine West Coast
Soils: Various-Podzolization Vegetation: Temperate rain forest Other: Very wet and mild year round -acidic, boggy soils. Southern Chile |
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Natural region: Highland
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Climate: Various
Soils: Inceptisols and Entisols -early stages of development Vegetation: Punu (ichu and other grasses) in southern Andes and Paramo (same as in puna plus more prickly shurbs and mosses) in the northern Andes Other: Tierra Helada |
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Laterization
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the process by which rock is converted into laterite
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Podzolization
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1. The process by which soils are depleted of bases and become acidic.
2. The development of a podzol. |
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Calcification
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a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)
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Oxisols
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nutrient poor soil found in tropical rain forests, red or yellowish color, due to the high concentration of iron and aluminium ions. (rain leaches the minerals out)
-found in the Amazon, tropical rainforest |
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Ultisols
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typically acid soils in which most nutrients are concentrated in the upper few inches.
-"red clay soil" |
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Latisols
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Soil that is rich in iron, alumina, or silica and formed in tropical woodlands
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Liana vines
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woody vines
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Vertisols
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have a high content of expanding clay minerals
-undergo pronounced changes in volume with changes in moisture. |
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Aridisols
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desert soils; fertile because of no leaching, but danger of salinization
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salinization
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In a soil of an arid, poorly drained region, the accumulation of soluble salts by the evaporation of the waters that bore them to the soil zone.
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Xerophytic
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-don't require a lot of water; withstand drought
adapted to a xeric (or dry) environment; "cacti are xerophytic plants -found in Atacama desert |
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Loma vegetation
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in Atacama desert; gets moisture from FOG
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Garua fog
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s a type of fog which occurs at the western coast of Chile. The normal fog produced by the sea travels inland, but suddenly meets an area of hot air. This causes the water particles of fog to shrink by evaporation, producing a transparent mist
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Mollisols
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highly fertile, in Pampas
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Alfisols
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fairly fertile, in Mediterranean region
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Chaparral
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woody shrubs and low evergreen trees, in Mediterranean region
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Inceptisols
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gray-brown clay and silt soil: a gray-brown soil consisting mainly of clay and silt loams that is not particularly fertile but can be productive when properly managed
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Entisols
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most are basically unaltered from their parent material, which can be unconsolidated sediment or rock.
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Puna
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ichu and other grasses in southern Andes, in the highlands
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Paramo
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same as in puna plus more prickly shrubs and mosses in the northern Andes
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Alluvial soils
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found along rivers
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