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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
dynamic land forms: 4 steps
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Stability
Destabilization Adjustment New (similar) stability |
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weathering, two types, how deep
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phsyical and chemical. 100 m
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main conduit for weathering is
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Joints and they have positive feedback, usually less than 50m deep
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types of joints
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columnar occur in igneous rocks, patterns
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types of physical weathering: 6
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frost wedging, crystallization (salt), exfoliation due to pressure releases, hydration leads to expansion, fire, plant roots
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4 types of chemical weathering
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hydrolosis H+ and OH replace mineral ions, oxidation: metallic elements combine with oxygen, carbonization: carbon combines and carries away minerals, leaching
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factors that influence weather 3
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rock types and structure, slope, biotic
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development of karst topography aided by 4
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Steep hydraulic gradient
High precipitation Abundant vegetation High temperature |
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dripstone
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cave formation from dripping water
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cockpit karst
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Occurs in thick, well jointed limestone that separates into isolated blocks as it weathers
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mass wasting
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The movement of regolith downslope as a result of gravity
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two slope types
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waxing: top, convex
waning: bottom concave |
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Shear stress
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force acting to cause movement parallel to the slope. two parts, perpendicular and tangential
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shear strength 3 types
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internal resistance of the body to such movement.
Frictional resistance Cohesion between particles Vegetational binding |
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angle of repose
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steepest angle at which loose material is stable, generally 33-37 deg
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water's role 2
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reduce cohesiveness and friction
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3 types of range in mass wastign process
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wet to dry, fast to slow, and small to large
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5 types of sudden failure
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slump, rockfall, rockslide, debrisfall, debrisslide
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sediment flow depends on 2
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Relative % of sediment, water, air
Physical & chemical properties of the sediment |
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two types of wet sediment flow
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Slurry flow
moving mass of water saturated sediment Granular flow mixture of sediment, air, water |
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types of slurry flows 3
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solifluction very slow, debris flow (coarse slow to fast), mudflow can be fast
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types of granual flow, byspeed
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creep real slow,
earth flow, faster debris avalanches |
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dry events 3 types
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slumping, falling, sliding
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3 controls over mass wasting events
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Slope steepness
Saturation (friction) Composition of material |
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mass wastign in cold climates
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frost heaving
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gelifluction
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solifluction with permafrost
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submarine mass wasting
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can make tsunamis
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mass wasting triggers 5
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earthquakes, slope modifications, under cutting (fluvial and surf), rain events, volcanoes
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4 types of stream bed structure
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consequent: dtermined by the slope of the land
2. subsequent: geologic strct 3. antecedent: maintained over rising rocks 4. superposed: letdown onto differnt rock |