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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The term eolian refers to
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erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind
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The ability of the wind to move materials
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is small compared to other transporting agents, such as water and ice
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Which of the following surface conditions would limit the effectiveness of wind as an erosional agent?
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Surface materials consisting of clay-sized particles
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Which of the following grain sizes is most readily moved by the wind?
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Intermediate
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The rate of sand movement is proportional to the wind speed. T/F
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True.
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The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed.
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Deflation
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Desert pavement refers to
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surfaces of concentrated pebbles and gravels
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Which two processes create desert pavement?
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deflation and rain wash
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The formation of desert pavement involves both wind and water. T/F
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True.
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In China, the desert pavements are called ________.
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Gobi
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The sandblasting action of wind-blown particles is called
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abrasion
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Removal of vegetation from a sermiarid grassland environment is likely to lead to
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Deflation
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Elongated, streamlined ridges aligned parallel to the most effective wind direction are called
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Yardangs
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What size material comprises the dust storm that extends thousands of feet above the ground?
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sand/silts and clays
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The suspension of finer particles by wind over significant distances is a phenomenon known as
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a dust storm
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The saltating particles can initiate the movement of other particles. T/F
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True.
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Pebbles can be moved by _________ in a process known as ______.
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saltating particles; surface creep
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Clay is easy to lift from a surface and also is easy to keep suspended in the air. T/F.
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False.
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The skipping and bouncing action of saltation accounts for 80% of wind transported particles. T/F
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True
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About _______ area of desert areas are covered with sand?
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10%
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Which side of a dune typically has a slope angle equal to that of the angle of repose for sand?
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leeward side
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List three classes of dune forms.
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Linear.
Star. Crescentic. |
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Which of the following is true of loess deposits?
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They are formed of fine-grained clays and silts.
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In which region of the U.S. are eolian processes most effective?
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southwest
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The spatial distributions of Earth's dry regions are attributable to all of the following factors except
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the equatorial low pressure region and the ITCZ
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Desert landscapes tend to be ____________ in appearance because of the ________
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rugged and hard-edged; lack of water erosion
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A desert is an area in which potential evapotranspiration rates exceed actual evapotranspiration rates. T/F.
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True
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If precipitation events occur in a desert, a dry streambed can fill with torrent called a ___________ and the dry streambed is known as a ____________.
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flash flood
wash |
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Which of the following is not true of alluvial fans?
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They frequently occur in the eastern US.
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Desertification is caused by
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poor agricultural practices
deforestation global climate changes |
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The largest ocean in the world in terms of area is the _______ and the smallest ocean in terms of area is _______.
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pacific
arctic |
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Seawater is not a solution. T/F
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False
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The concentration of dissolved solids in the seawater is called _______
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Salinity
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Worldwide average salinity is ________
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3.5%
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Although many elements are dissolved in seawater; no gases are dissolved in it T/F
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False
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As the evaporation rate increases, salinity decreases T/F
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False
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Brine water tends to occur near coastal deltas T/F
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False
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Brackish water would be most likely to occur
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in a deltaic swamp
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Brine water results from
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high evaporation rates
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About 2% of the oceanic mass comprise the
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mixing zone of blended solutes and temperatures
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Which of the following is true of the ocean deep zone?
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The water in this zone does not freeze because of the intense pressure exerted by the weight of overlying water.
The water in this zone does not freeze because of its salinity |
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A general term for the coastal environment is
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littoral zone
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From inland to the ocean, which sequence of zones is correct?
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coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore
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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
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spring tides-high tides only
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Which of the following is not true of tides?
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they are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the Sun
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Which of the following occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in alignment (i.e., in opposition or conjunction)?
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maximum tidal ranges occur
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The Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth is greater than that of the Sun's T/F
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True
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Near the shore, waves of transition begin to "feel bottom" and, as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more _____. The process eventually cause _______ to form.
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elliptical;breakers
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Waves in shallow water that "feel bottom" are _____ and more _____ spaced than the swell they are related to
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taller;closely
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An earthquake, submarine landslide, or eruption of undersea volcano is capable of producing a
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tsunami
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The height of a tsunami grows as it approaches a coastline primarily because
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its wavelength shortens
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Which of the following is not an example of an erosional coastal landform?
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tombolo
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A terrace is
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an uplift wave-cut platform
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Which of the following is not an example of an depositional coastal landform?
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wave-cut platform
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Coral formations
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are made of animals living symbolically with simple algae
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A coral is a type of _____ that secretes ______ to form an organic rock home
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polyp; calcium carbonate
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Because the algae which live in symbiotic relationship with coral perform ______, corals ______________
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photosynthesis; must live in water that is penetrated by light
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An atoll is approximately ________ in shape because its forms
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circular; around submerged volcanic islands
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Which of the following is not related to coral rock formations?
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bay barriers and barrier splits
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As regards wetlands; which of the following is correctly matched?
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salt marsh --- poleward of the 30th parallel in either hemisphere
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The destruction of a mangrove swamp might lead to
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the loss of aquatic species
the erosion of the coast sediment accumulation one nearby reefs, and their consequent death |
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Approximately what percentage of the world's freshwater is frozen?
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77 percent
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The bulk of ice on Earth is in Greenland and Antartica T/F
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True
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A general term for a mass of perennial ice, resting on land or floating shelf-like in the sea adjacent to land is
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glacier
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Firn has a higher density than glacial ice T/F
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False
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Glacial ice can form during the duration of a single winter season in most glacial areas. T/F
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False
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Alpine glaciers include all of the following except
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an ice cap
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A glacier that is confined in a bowl-shaped recess is called a
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cirque glacier
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A continuous mass of ice covering a large landmass is known as
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continental glacier
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The type of glacier that dominates Greenland and Antarctica is
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ice sheet
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In terms of area extent, which of the following sequences is in order from most to least area covered?
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ice sheet, ice cap, ice field
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Why, specially, is glacial ice analogous to a metamorphic rock?
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It forms as a result of recrystallization caused by pressure
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Snow that has a compact, granular structure is known as
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firn
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The transformation of snow into glacial ice in Antarctica takes ____ than in midlatitude alpine glaciers because ____________
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longer; less snow falls per year in polar regions
longer; less melting and refreezing occurs in Antarctica |
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The opposite of the accumulation zone in a glacier is the
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ablation zone
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The zone where positive gains end and losses begin in the glacial mass balance is called
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an equillibrium line
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Which of the following is true of glacial movement?
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Teh internal flow just below the surface is greated than the basal flow
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The presence of meltwater at the bottom of glacier can increase its rate of movement T/F
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True
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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
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All are matched.
crevasses -- vertical cracks from friction or tension ice regelation -- the melting and refreezing of basal ice glacial ice-- a metamorphic version of snow and firn |
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Because of the upper regions of a glacier flow ___ than the base of the glacier, the upper art of the glacier tends to be ___
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faster; stretched.
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Crevasses form in the basal layer of a glacier T/F
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False
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Basal slip is facilitated by
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regelation
presence of melt water saturated sediments |
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All of the following represent forms of glacial erosion except
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ablation
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Glacial polish results from
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abrasion
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Which of the following are erosional landforms created by alpine glaciations?
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cols and horns
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A tarn is a lake in the
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cirque
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Unlike a stream-cut valley that assumes a characteristic _____-shape, a glacially-carved valley evidences a characteristic ______-shaper
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V;U
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