Geog 1710 Final

Front 1

The term eolian refers to

Back 1

erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind

Front 2

The ability of the wind to move materials

Back 2

is small compared to other transporting agents, such as water and ice

Front 3

Which of the following surface conditions would limit the effectiveness of wind as an erosional agent?

Back 3

Surface materials consisting of clay-sized particles

Front 4

Which of the following grain sizes is most readily moved by the wind?

Back 4

Intermediate

Front 5

The rate of sand movement is proportional to the wind speed. T/F

Back 5

True.

Front 6

The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed.

Back 6

Deflation

Front 7

Desert pavement refers to

Back 7

surfaces of concentrated pebbles and gravels

Front 8

Which two processes create desert pavement?

Back 8

deflation and rain wash

Front 9

The formation of desert pavement involves both wind and water. T/F

Back 9

True.

Front 10

In China, the desert pavements are called ________.

Back 10

Gobi

Front 11

The sandblasting action of wind-blown particles is called

Back 11

abrasion

Front 12

Removal of vegetation from a sermiarid grassland environment is likely to lead to

Back 12

Deflation

Front 13

Elongated, streamlined ridges aligned parallel to the most effective wind direction are called

Back 13

Yardangs

Front 14

What size material comprises the dust storm that extends thousands of feet above the ground?

Back 14

sand/silts and clays

Front 15

The suspension of finer particles by wind over significant distances is a phenomenon known as

Back 15

a dust storm

Front 16

The saltating particles can initiate the movement of other particles. T/F

Back 16

True.

Front 17

Pebbles can be moved by _________ in a process known as ______.

Back 17

saltating particles; surface creep

Front 18

Clay is easy to lift from a surface and also is easy to keep suspended in the air. T/F.

Back 18

False.

Front 19

The skipping and bouncing action of saltation accounts for 80% of wind transported particles. T/F

Back 19

True

Front 20

About _______ area of desert areas are covered with sand?

Back 20

10%

Front 21

Which side of a dune typically has a slope angle equal to that of the angle of repose for sand?

Back 21

leeward side

Front 22

List three classes of dune forms.

Back 22

Linear.
Star.
Crescentic.

Front 23

Which of the following is true of loess deposits?

Back 23

They are formed of fine-grained clays and silts.

Front 24

In which region of the U.S. are eolian processes most effective?

Back 24

southwest

Front 25

The spatial distributions of Earth's dry regions are attributable to all of the following factors except

Back 25

the equatorial low pressure region and the ITCZ

Front 26

Desert landscapes tend to be ____________ in appearance because of the ________

Back 26

rugged and hard-edged; lack of water erosion

Front 27

A desert is an area in which potential evapotranspiration rates exceed actual evapotranspiration rates. T/F.

Back 27

True

Front 28

If precipitation events occur in a desert, a dry streambed can fill with torrent called a ___________ and the dry streambed is known as a ____________.

Back 28

flash flood
wash

Front 29

Which of the following is not true of alluvial fans?

Back 29

They frequently occur in the eastern US.

Front 30

Desertification is caused by

Back 30

poor agricultural practices
deforestation
global climate changes

Front 31

The largest ocean in the world in terms of area is the _______ and the smallest ocean in terms of area is _______.

Back 31

pacific
arctic

Front 32

Seawater is not a solution. T/F

Back 32

False

Front 33

The concentration of dissolved solids in the seawater is called _______

Back 33

Salinity

Front 34

Worldwide average salinity is ________

Back 34

3.5%

Front 35

Although many elements are dissolved in seawater; no gases are dissolved in it T/F

Back 35

False

Front 36

As the evaporation rate increases, salinity decreases T/F

Back 36

False

Front 37

Brine water tends to occur near coastal deltas T/F

Back 37

False

Front 38

Brackish water would be most likely to occur

Back 38

in a deltaic swamp

Front 39

Brine water results from

Back 39

high evaporation rates

Front 40

About 2% of the oceanic mass comprise the

Back 40

mixing zone of blended solutes and temperatures

Front 41

Which of the following is true of the ocean deep zone?

Back 41

The water in this zone does not freeze because of the intense pressure exerted by the weight of overlying water.

The water in this zone does not freeze because of its salinity

Front 42

A general term for the coastal environment is

Back 42

littoral zone

Front 43

From inland to the ocean, which sequence of zones is correct?

Back 43

coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore

Front 44

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Back 44

spring tides-high tides only

Front 45

Which of the following is not true of tides?

Back 45

they are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the Sun

Front 46

Which of the following occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in alignment (i.e., in opposition or conjunction)?

Back 46

maximum tidal ranges occur

Front 47

The Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth is greater than that of the Sun's T/F

Back 47

True

Front 48

Near the shore, waves of transition begin to "feel bottom" and, as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more _____. The process eventually cause _______ to form.

Back 48

elliptical;breakers

Front 49

Waves in shallow water that "feel bottom" are _____ and more _____ spaced than the swell they are related to

Back 49

taller;closely

Front 50

An earthquake, submarine landslide, or eruption of undersea volcano is capable of producing a

Back 50

tsunami

Front 51

The height of a tsunami grows as it approaches a coastline primarily because

Back 51

its wavelength shortens

Front 52

Which of the following is not an example of an erosional coastal landform?

Back 52

tombolo

Front 53

A terrace is

Back 53

an uplift wave-cut platform

Front 54

Which of the following is not an example of an depositional coastal landform?

Back 54

wave-cut platform

Front 55

Coral formations

Back 55

are made of animals living symbolically with simple algae

Front 56

A coral is a type of _____ that secretes ______ to form an organic rock home

Back 56

polyp; calcium carbonate

Front 57

Because the algae which live in symbiotic relationship with coral perform ______, corals ______________

Back 57

photosynthesis; must live in water that is penetrated by light

Front 58

An atoll is approximately ________ in shape because its forms

Back 58

circular; around submerged volcanic islands

Front 59

Which of the following is not related to coral rock formations?

Back 59

bay barriers and barrier splits

Front 60

As regards wetlands; which of the following is correctly matched?

Back 60

salt marsh --- poleward of the 30th parallel in either hemisphere

Front 61

The destruction of a mangrove swamp might lead to

Back 61

the loss of aquatic species
the erosion of the coast
sediment accumulation one nearby reefs, and their consequent death

Front 62

Approximately what percentage of the world's freshwater is frozen?

Back 62

77 percent

Front 63

The bulk of ice on Earth is in Greenland and Antartica T/F

Back 63

True

Front 64

A general term for a mass of perennial ice, resting on land or floating shelf-like in the sea adjacent to land is

Back 64

glacier

Front 65

Firn has a higher density than glacial ice T/F

Back 65

False

Front 66

Glacial ice can form during the duration of a single winter season in most glacial areas. T/F

Back 66

False

Front 67

Alpine glaciers include all of the following except

Back 67

an ice cap

Front 68

A glacier that is confined in a bowl-shaped recess is called a

Back 68

cirque glacier

Front 69

A continuous mass of ice covering a large landmass is known as

Back 69

continental glacier

Front 70

The type of glacier that dominates Greenland and Antarctica is

Back 70

ice sheet

Front 71

In terms of area extent, which of the following sequences is in order from most to least area covered?

Back 71

ice sheet, ice cap, ice field

Front 72

Why, specially, is glacial ice analogous to a metamorphic rock?

Back 72

It forms as a result of recrystallization caused by pressure

Front 73

Snow that has a compact, granular structure is known as

Back 73

firn

Front 74

The transformation of snow into glacial ice in Antarctica takes ____ than in midlatitude alpine glaciers because ____________

Back 74

longer; less snow falls per year in polar regions

longer; less melting and refreezing occurs in Antarctica

Front 75

The opposite of the accumulation zone in a glacier is the

Back 75

ablation zone

Front 76

The zone where positive gains end and losses begin in the glacial mass balance is called

Back 76

an equillibrium line

Front 77

Which of the following is true of glacial movement?

Back 77

Teh internal flow just below the surface is greated than the basal flow

Front 78

The presence of meltwater at the bottom of glacier can increase its rate of movement T/F

Back 78

True

Front 79

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Back 79

All are matched.
crevasses -- vertical cracks from friction or tension
ice regelation -- the melting and refreezing of basal ice
glacial ice-- a metamorphic version of snow and firn

Front 80

Because of the upper regions of a glacier flow ___ than the base of the glacier, the upper art of the glacier tends to be ___

Back 80

faster; stretched.

Front 81

Crevasses form in the basal layer of a glacier T/F

Back 81

False

Front 82

Basal slip is facilitated by

Back 82

regelation
presence of melt water
saturated sediments

Front 83

All of the following represent forms of glacial erosion except

Back 83

ablation

Front 84

Glacial polish results from

Back 84

abrasion

Front 85

Which of the following are erosional landforms created by alpine glaciations?

Back 85

cols and horns

Front 86

A tarn is a lake in the

Back 86

cirque

Front 87

Unlike a stream-cut valley that assumes a characteristic _____-shape, a glacially-carved valley evidences a characteristic ______-shaper

Back 87

V;U