Geog. 111A

Front 1

Midterm T or F
Household Demographics are not needed in transportation planning for regions.

Back 1

False

Front 2

Exam Tor F
EMFAC2011 is software for light duty cars only.

Back 2

False

Front 3

Exam T or F
Emissions control is a discretionary activity for the State of CA.

Back 3

False

Front 4

Exam T or F
CARB means California Air Resources Board.

Back 4

True

Front 5

Exam T or F
Co2 is a dark odorous gas of paticulate mater of about 2.5 centimeters.

Back 5

False

Front 6

Exam T or F
Mobility is the ability to move.

Back 6

True

Front 7

Exam T or F
Accessibility is the ability to reach places.

Back 7

True

Front 8

Exam T or F
Most land use decisions are in the hands of the federal government.

Back 8

False

Front 9

Exam T or F
The CA Transportation Plan does not support the economy.

Back 9

False

Front 10

Exam T or F
The National Ambient Air Quality Standards are general guidelines that nonattainment areas and MPOs can consider if they want.

Back 10

False

Front 11

Exam T or F
The EPA MOBILE software is designed to enhance mobility.

Back 11

False

Front 12

Exam T or F
Air pollution is the presence of any compound in the air.

Back 12

False

Front 13

Exam T or F
Green House Gases include Water Vapor.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Exam T or F
The overarching strategies (AB 32 and SB 391) to decrease GHG emissions in CA include three groups that are vehicle technologies, fuel types, and VMT.

Back 14

True

Front 15

Exam T or F
Car ownership increases with GDP worldwide.

Back 15

True

Front 16

Exam T or F
In surveys, measurement error occurs because we select a sample and not the entire population.

Back 16

False

Front 17

Exam T or F
Response rate increases with many reminders.

Back 17

True

Front 18

Exam T or F
A household questionaire is included in travel surveys to make respondents comfortable and ask them invasive questions later.

Back 18

False

Front 19

Exam T or F
Some of the inpute into planning simulation model systems are the social and demographic information in a region and the transportation network.

Back 19

True

Front 20

Exam T or F
Increase in travel in the US happened partially due to changing employment patterns.

Back 20

True

Front 21

Exam T or F
Activity and trip diaries are the same thing.

Back 21

False

Front 22

Exam T or F
Data collection serves many purposes that include creation of simulation models.

Back 22

True

Front 23

Exam T or F
The Puget Sound Regional Council flowchart of models (PSRC modeling process) represent the most advanced regional model.

Back 23

False

Front 24

Exam T or F
The ideal data collection scheme includes many components.

Back 24

True

Front 25

Exam T or F
Between 1960 and today, we experienced major changes in transportation technolgies including carse that pollute much less.

Back 25

True

Front 26

Exam T or F
Data from surveys are used to describe travel behavior, estimate models, and to develop a regional transportation plan.

Back 26

True

Front 27

Exam T or F
In planning a Goal is more general than an Objective.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Exam T or F
Pilot testing in surveys is needed to detect and correct potential issues in survey design.

Back 28

True

Front 29

Exam T or F
CATI is computer aided telephone interview.

Back 29

True

Front 30

Exam T or F
The CA Household Travel survey is part of the US CENSUS 2010.

Back 30

False

Front 31

Exam T or F
SB 375 calls for coordination between land use and transportation policies.

Back 31

True

Front 32

Exam T or F
SB 375 is legislation that we created by the Obama administration in 2009.

Back 32

False

Front 33

Exam T or F
GPS can be used to verify diaries and can be used to study other facets of behavior.

Back 33

True

Front 34

Exam T or F
Day to day variation is not important to capture in surveys.

Back 34

False

Front 35

Exam T or F
SB 391 is the same as SB 375 but for the state of Arizona.

Back 35

False

Front 36

Exam T or F
Interregional travel is a term reserved exclusively for travel across the four major regions of the US (North East, North West, South East, and South West)

Back 36

False

Front 37

Exam T or F
The recommended minimum content for household surveys includes questions about the household, person, vehicle, and activity.

Back 37

True

Front 38

Exam T or F
Emission factors are used in software to predict travel behavior.

Back 38

False

Front 39

Exam T or F
Attitude questions require respondents to show positive or negative feelings about the "attitude object"

Back 39

True

Front 40

Exam T or F
In surveys, an advance letter is not required by IRB but it is recommended as best practice.

Back 40

True

Front 41

What gas is polluted the most in the nation through transportation souces alone? What percent?

Back 41

Carbon Monoxide and makes up 70%

Front 42

Cars are getting cleaner, but ___________ offsetting progress in ozone pollution control.

Back 42

but people are driving more

Front 43

What are some GHG?

Back 43

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, hexafluoride, and tropospheric ozone.

Front 44

What is a TIP?

Back 44

te list of proposed projects a MPO submit for statewide consideration

Front 45

For regional air quality assessment, a TIP needs to be accompanied by what?

Back 45

- a statement on regional air quality assessment and be in conformance with the Statewide Implementation plan to meet the clean air standards

Front 46

What do modelers need to do for regional air quality assessment?

Back 46

1. estimate current and future population and employment
2. estimate current and future travel and congestion
3. estimate/assume current and future background pollutant concentrations
4. incorporate the effects of transit policies and pricing options
5. estimate the effectiveness/impact of existing projects

Front 47

What is HPMS?

Back 47

Highway Performance Monitoring System provides data that reflects the extent, condition, performance, use, and operating characteristics of the Nation's highways.

Front 48

What is needed from HPMS for the conformity Assessment process?

Back 48

Base year HPMS data of volume and adjustment factors

Front 49

What are the three major sections of the PSRC Modeling Process?

Back 49

Land Use Modeling
Travel Demand Modeling
Air Quality Modeling

Front 50

What is PSRC?

Back 50

Puget Sound Regional Council- it is the regional transportation, economic development, and growth management planning organization for central Puget Sound

Front 51

What is the simple equation for onroad emissions by MOBILE models?

Back 51

Emissions= Activity x Emission Factors

Front 52

What is MOBILE models onroad emission's activity data?

Back 52

VMT or vehicle miles traveled

Front 53

What are MOBILE models onroad emissions factors?

Back 53

ozone precursors
PM and SO2
Air Toxics

Front 54

What is MOBILE's building blocks?

Back 54

base emission rates (BER)
driving cycles-for emission inventories

Front 55

What is the data for emissions?

Back 55

-VMT Inventory of State Department of Transportation (DOT)/Fed
-Predictions from 4-stop or other models
-Emission factors from EPA MOBILE software
-Need to also have VMT by vehicle class

Front 56

What is MOBILE?

Back 56

- an EPA model for estimating pollution from highway vehicles
(but supeseded by MOVES- Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator)

Front 57

What are the different inputs to MOBILE MODEL?

Back 57

-vehicle speed
-ambient temperature
-gasoline volatility (Reid Vapor Pressure RVP)
-Control Programs
such as: inspection/maintenance, reformulated gasoline, oxygenated fuels, and new vehicle standards
-Registration distributions

Front 58

What are the "Overarching Strategies" for calculating transportation GHG?

Back 58

Vehicle Technology (GHG/Mile) + Fuels (GHG/Gallon) + Vehicle use (VMT)

Front 59

What is AB 1493?

Back 59

Assembly Bill No. 1493, known as the Pavley Bill, regulating GHG emissions in passenger vehicles.

Front 60

For Data Analysis, begin with summary of descriptive statistics followed by 3 other measures:

Back 60

1- measures of location or CENTER of the data
2- measures of scale or DISPERSION of the data
3- measures of association or RELATION within the data

Front 61

What is a box plot?

Back 61

a basic graphing tool that displays centering, spread, and distribution of a continuous data set (a variable)

Front 62

When stating statistics in a report, what is perhaps the most important piece of information for credibility?

Back 62

to report the sampe size for credibility

Front 63

What is skewness?

Back 63

measure of the symmetricity of a distribution

Front 64

What is kurtosis?

Back 64

the measure of the thickness of the tails of a distribution

Front 65

What are the steps for the survey process?

Back 65

-Preliminary planning
-selectin of survey method and sample design
- pilot survey
-survey administration
-data coding and data editing
- data analysis
-tidying up and presenting the results
-report (added by Goulias)

Front 66

What are the 10 steps to a successful survey by Salant?

Back 66

-Understand and avoid the four kinds of error
-Be specific about what information you seek and why
-Choose the survey method that will work best
-Decide whether and how to sample
-Write good questions
-design and test the questionnaire
-assemble the necessary resources
-code, computerize and analyze the data
-present your results
-maintain perspective
-reports and presentations- added by Goulias

Front 67

Why does a coverage error occur?

Back 67

-occurs when the sampling frame from which the sample is drown does not include a segment of the targeted population

Front 68

Why does a sampling error occur?

Back 68

Occurs because the survey does not cover the entire population which always happens to some extent

Front 69

Why does a measurement error occur?

Back 69

occurs when the respondent's answer to a question is innacurate, imprecise, or in any other way unusable

Front 70

Where do measurement errors come from? who is at fault?

Back 70

from either:
- survey method
- questionnaire
- interviewer
- respondent

Front 71

Why does a Non-Response error occur?

Back 71

occurs when a significant number of people in the sample to do not respond to the questionnaire
-main reason to maximize the response rate

Front 72

What is TDM?

Back 72

-Total Design Method: by Don Dillman based on the Social Exchange Theory where TDM maximizes the survey response by
-maximizing the reward for the respondant
-minimizing the cost of responding
-and establishing trust with the respondent that the rewards will be delivered

Front 73

What are some transportation organizations?

Back 73

-PennDOT
-MPOs
-TMAs
-LDDs
-Local governments
-citizen participation

Front 74

What is PennDOT?

Back 74

Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

Front 75

What is an MPO?

Back 75

Metropolitan Planning Organization

Front 76

What is TMA?

Back 76

Transportation Management Association- a regional leader in customizing environmentally friendly, multimodal transportation solutions for employers and communities

Front 77

What are the portions of the typical process in long range planning, cooperative, comprehensive, and continuous, that are part of the sequential demand forecasting process?

Back 77

DATA
Calibrate Models
Areawide forecast
Analysis of future alternative systems
Plan testing, evaluation and selection

Front 78

What is the 4 step model part of?

Back 78

part of the sequential forecasting process and urban transportation lanning system (UTPS)

Front 79

What is the 4 step model steps?

Back 79

Trip generation
Trip distribution
Mode choice
Network Assignment

Front 80

For the PSRC (Puget Sound Regional Council), what are the three main section to prepare Mobile Source Emissions?

Back 80

Land Use Modeling
Travel Demand Modeling
Air Quality Modeling

Front 81

Each Taz (Transportation Analysis Zone) for Land Use and Economic Analysis contains what?

Back 81

contains "observed" numbers for today's analysis and predicted numbers for forecasting

Front 82

What are the outputs of the 4 step process (Travel Demand Modeling section) from UTPS?

Back 82

- the trip interchange matrix and the shortest path trees
- a trip interchange matrix for each mode: car, public transortation and also pedestrian
- peak hour volumes, estimated travel times, and volumes to capacity ratios

Front 83

For basic assumptions, J is a function called ____ representing the "convenience of choosing mode j.
J is called the choice set

Back 83

a function called Utility representing the "convenience" of choosing mode j.

Front 84

What are Utility components?

Back 84

-the individual "taste variateion"
-choice characteristics or choice attributes
-context such as trip type, time of day, and budget constraints

Front 85

When travelers make decisions about what transportortation option to use it is baded off of what?

Back 85

they choose the option with the most advantageous utility or "maximum utility"

Front 86

T or F
Analysts know all the factors that influence choice behavior

Back 86

False

Front 87

T or F
Travelers do not always make choices consistently

Back 87

True

Front 88

T or F
Analysts are not interested in including all possible variable that affect behavior in models

Back 88

True

Front 89

T or F
Analysts are interested in policy variables that can be manipulated to find traveler's reaction

Back 89

True

Front 90

Analysts are interested in social and demographic traveler characteristics, but not economic travelers characteristics

Back 90

False. All are important because these 3 variale allow analysts to link models to TAZs Transportation Analysis Zones

Front 91

T of F
Utility models incorporate uncertainty

Back 91

True

Front 92

Utility elements:
i= ?
j= ?
Vij= ?
Eij= ?

Back 92

i= person
j= mode
Vij= systematic and measurable part
Eij= random component

Front 93

What is then done with Utility models results?

Back 93

it is converted to an estimate of the chance to choose a mode

Front 94

What is the utility function?
_ = _ + _

Back 94

U= V + E

Front 95

What is different about the utility model and the LOGIT Model?

Back 95

LOGIT assumes the random components of the utility are independent identically Gumbel distributed random variables

Front 96

In the behavioral definitions 2 example from class, what is A, B, C and alpha and beta?

Back 96

A- home to work variable
B- work to grocery store
C- grocery store to home
All 3 are the primary tour or trip chain of A + B + C
alpha and beta and secondary tour or subtour a + B
beta is from work to lunch, and alpha is from lunch to work

Front 97

What else is included in behavior definitions (activity approach) 3 from class?

Back 97

-number of trips by different household members
-miles traveled
-travel times
-modes used
-trip purposes

and the determinants of travel patterns

Front 98

What are some limitations of 4-step and older models?

Back 98

-zones are too large aggregates
-does not incorporate the reason for traveling
-main motivation is the purpose as an activity location
-trips are treated as if they were independent
-heavy emphasis on commuting trips and home-based trips

Front 99

What are 4 important things to an activity-based approach?

Back 99

-motivation
-people
-derived demand
-interactions (linkage of activities)

Front 100

what are the two main points of the demand for activites and time allocation of an activity-base approach?

Back 100

-a dynamic relationship with feedbacks
-thinking in terms of temporal hierarchies

Front 101

For an activity pattern, what defines a path in space and time?

Back 101

a sequence of activities or schedule

Front 102

Most MPO applications follow ______

Back 102

follow an activity base pattern or schedule

Front 103

For modeling trends, what are anchor points?

Back 103

anchor points are locations like home, work or school and are in the first choice level

Front 104

For modeling trends, what are out-of-home activity purposes?

Back 104

they include work, school, shopping, meals, personal business, recreation, and escort

Front 105

For modeling trends, what are in-home activities?

Back 105

can sometimes be work, maintenance and discretionary

Front 106

Step frequencies and activities at stops are modeled at the ____ pattern and _____

Back 106

the day pattern and tour

Front 107

T or F
Mode and destination are modeled together.

Back 107

True

Front 108

T or F
Departure time is modeled explicitly and feed into a time period for traffic assignment

Back 108

False. daparture time is modeled explicitly and feed into MULTIPLE time periods for traffic assignment

Front 109

In human interactions, what can be said about day patterns of people in households?

Back 109

the day patterns of one person in a household relate to the day atterns of another person within the same household

Front 110

T or F
Joint activities and allocation of activity-roles are not explicitly modeled

Back 110

False. They are explicitly modeled

Front 111

The output of time periods depends on ____ in modeling time.

Back 111

The output of time periods depends on traffic assignment needs

Front 112

What provides the basic data for spatial and land use in models?

Back 112

Spatially distributed synthetic population using external control totals

Front 113

In models, homes and schools are emphasized but _____ and _____ locations not prominent

Back 113

business locations and major center locations not prominent

Front 114

What is SimAGENT Models?

Back 114

Scag Activity-Based Travel Demand Model

Front 115

What is Propolis? Objectives?

Back 115

A research project within the Fifth Framework Programme of the EC.
Objective- research, develop and test integrated land use and transport policies, tools and comprehesive assessment methodologies in order to find sustainable long-term urban strategies and to demonstrate their affects in cities.

Front 116

What set of indicators were developed under Propolis?

Back 116

measuring the environment, social and economic dimensions of urban sustainability

Front 117

What is the purpose of Propolis?

Back 117

-distinguish between environmental and economic indicator
-have some idea of the types of policies simulated
-definition of index function used
-land use transportation interaction and why (similar to SB 375)