Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
latitude |
They run the same way as the equator (East to West) they measure north to south, it is always be listed first |
|
|
Longitude |
They run north to south, they mesure east to west and they are always listed second |
|
|
Know ALL sixteen (16) points on your COMPASS ROSE |
n, nne, ne, ene, e, ese, se, sse,s,ssw,sw,wsw,w,wnw,nw,nnw, |
|
|
the 3 layers of the Earth and their descriptions |
-CrustIt is thick, Cold and Fragile -Mantel is thick, Hot and molten -Core Divided into 2 parts -Outer Core thick, hot, Liquid nickel and iron -Inner Core thick and hot, Solid nickel and iron |
|
|
what is continental drift/plate tectonics, who first discovered it, evidence for it |
-Who first discovered it: Alfred Wagner -What is continental drift/plate tectonics: Continental drift was a theory that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface -Evidence for the theory: Continental drift explains why look-alike animal and plant fossils, and similar rock formations, are found on different continents. |
|
|
what is Pangaea |
Pangaea is a supercontinent that existed between the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic erasApx. 300 million years ago |
|
|
what are conventional currents and what do they do |
What are they- Heat escaping from the core creates convection currents in the next layer of the earth, the mantle What do they do- The movement of the liquid pushes the plates outwards making the crust move outwards. |
|
|
What happens when the earth's crust move |
Technic plates are in motion moving the crust at very slow rates |
|
|
What is subduction |
The sideways and downward movement of tectonic plates of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate |
|
|
What types of volcanoes are there (2) |
Exploding or Oozing those volcanos can be Active, Dormant, Extinct |
|
|
What is a hot spot and how do they create volcanoes |
Creates a chain of islands (the hot spot creates islands as the plates pass over it creating extinct volcanos) |
|
|
What are dormant, extinct volcanoes |
Dormant- Hasn't erupted for 100’s of thousands of years and may erupt again Extinct- Will never erupt again (hill) |
|
|
What causes earthquakes |
shifting tectonic plates |
|
|
Know how GLACIERS have changed the earth |
Glaciers are massive sheets of ice that slowly move across the earth, changing the landscape |
|
|
Know the signs of an eruption |
Sulfur dioxide in water, Acidity in water, Wildlife runs away or dies, earthquakes |
|
|
What can happen to a lake during an eruption |
Acidity in water, Sulfur dioxide in water |
|
|
What is a pyroclastic flow |
Dense, very hot ash, lava and gases ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing downslope at great speed |
|
|
Know the rock cycle and be able to fill in the diagram |
-Igneous rock cools and hardens. -Erosion and pressure points to sedimentary (black) -Heat and pressure points to metamorphic (yellow) -Melting and cooling points to igneous (red) |
|
|
Western Cordillera |
Location- Yukon, British columbia, AlbertaAppearance- Mountains are tall and rugged , fast flowing rivers , interior plateau and glaciers |
|
|
Interior Plains |
Location- Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and ManitobaAppearance- flat valleys with rolling grass, low rolling hills, 3 plain levels |
|
|
Canadian Shield |
Location- Northwest Territories, nunavut, manitoba, quebec, ontario Appearance- oldest rock mountains, relatively flat with rounded hills, thousands of lakes and saucer shape |
|
|
Great-lakes St.lawrence lowlands |
Location- Southern OntarioAppearance- Narrow ribbon of land along both shores (Thousand island), Plains to rolling hills, Great lakes, St lawrence + rift valley |
|
|
Appalachians |
Location-Newfoundland and Labrador, PEI, Nova Scotia, New BrunswickAppearance- Mountains are old and eroded, dull peaks, once jagged and tall, flat, St lawrence + rift valley |
|
|
The Innuitians |
Location- Located in Canada’s far North, Between the Canadian Shield and the Arctic Ocean, In Nunavut, Northwest TerritoriesAppearance- Mountains are very young,very tall, covered in snow, no vegetation, Glaciers , Rugged ice covered |
|
|
The arctic |
Location- Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon Appearance- Series of islands, Gently rolling hills, Relatively flat, -Frozen;doesn’t permit farming, Not many animals |
|
|
Know the difference between WEATHER and CLIMATE |
Weather: The day to day characteristics of temperature, rain cloud cover and windClimate: Long- term Patterns of weather |
|
|
Know the factors that affect climate (LOWERN), Know how each one affects climate |
L= Latitude- The distance (north and south) from the equator (0 degrees) - Regions close to the equator are warmer since direct sun’s rays produce more heat- Latitude determines if a region is hot or cold O= Ocean Currents Ocean Currents bring warm or cold water to new places If the ocean current is warm then it will heat the air above it If the ocean current is cold then it will cool the air above it W = Wind - Wind moves hot and cold “air masses” to other parts of the world Prevailing winds establish a pattern of weather Weather moves from west to east across Canada (easterly direction) If there is no wind, our weather wouldn't change very much E = elevation Elevation refers to the height above sea level the higher up you are the colder it gets R= relief Refers to physical features such as mountain ranges (i.e. Big differences in elevation) Mountains act like a barrier to air masses N = Nearness to water Region that are close to oceans and large lakes have different climates In summer----- water keeps its heat and when wind blows, it brings warm air over the land In the winter----- water keeps its heat and when wind blows, it bring war air over the land |
|
|
Know the 7 climate regions - and where they are located on a map and Be able to give at least one description for each region |
Arctic (bay nunavut) Very cold winters, short cold summers, very dry Subarctic (Quebec and ontario)Cold winter, cool summers, moderate precipitation Pacific (Pacific ocean, bottem of BC)Mild winters, warm summers, heavy precipitation Mountain (yukon and BC)Temperature and precipitation vary greatly Prairie (Saskatchewan, alberta and manitoba) Cold winters, hot summers, dry Lower lakes (bottom of ontario by great lakes)Cool winter, hot summer, moderate precipitation Atlantic (Newfoundland and labrador, pei)Cold winters, warm summers, moderate precipitation |
|
|
Know the different types of PRECIPITATION and a brief description |
Relief (Mountains)- the highest and lowest elevation points in an area. Mountains and ridges are typically the highest elevation points, while valleys and other low-lying areas are the lowest., Conventional (Absorbed)- Cyclonic (Frontal) |
|
|
Know the difference between high and low pressure |
Low Pressure-Bad weather, Warm air, Rising High Pressure- High Pressure, Cold air falls towards the earth. Good Weather, When a pressure goes from High to Low = STORM |
|
|
Know how to read a climate graph and how to do all calculations (ave. temperature, total precipitation and temperature range) |
Average TemperatureAdd up all 12 months then divide the number by 12Total precipitationAdd all monthly precipitation totals together Temperature range Highest temperature minus the lowest temperature |
|
|
What is the greenhouse effect |
The natural greenhouse effect is being increased by extra greenhouse gases trapping more heat |
|
|
What are the greenhouse gases |
Water vapor Carbon dioxide Methane Smaller amounts of other gasses |
|
|
What is carbon dioxide’s role |
Carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for decades and holds in heat and keeps the world warm |
|
|
How might climate change directly affect Canadians |
= Outdoor skating rinks will disappear =Freshwater lake levels will drop, harming the shipping industry (and cottage life!) =Areas of permafrost will melt– causing floods |
|
|
How are mountains/volcanoes created |
Created due to subduction which is the sideways and downward movement of tectonic plates of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate. When 2 continental plates collide mountains |
|
|
Know what causes EROSION and what erosion is/does |
Caused by wind , Water, plants, animals, Waring down the surface of the rockThe mountains erode and make them smaller |
|
|
Know the 3 different types of rocks and how there formed |
Igneous rock is formed when molten lava cools are turned into solid rock Sedimentary rock formed when erosion and pressure happens Metamorphic formed when there is heat and pressure applies |
|
|
What causes the most severe storms |
When air pressure goes from high to low |
