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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition: continental drift |
the movement of continents through geological time |
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What was Pangea? |
it was a super continent that existed 300 million years ago and broke apart 100 million years after |
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Definition: plate tectonics |
the theory of Earth's continents are constantly moving, Alfred Wegner came up with the theory |
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Definition: convection currents |
liquid or gas moving in circles due to uneven heating |
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Defintion: erosion |
the falling away of Earth's surface due to wind, running water, and ice |
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Definition: eras |
the main sections of geological time |
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Definition: sediments |
worm away materials; sand, gravel |
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Definition: glaciation |
the state of being covered by glaciers of sheets of ice |
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Definition: glaciers |
slow moving masses of ice |
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4 clues indicating the Earth having one big continent is... |
clue 1 - the continents fit like a puzzle piece clue 2 - animal and plant fossils found on 2 different continents clue 3 - mountain range, structure and age on different continents, lined up together, were the same (eg. Appalachain) clue 4 - ice sheets and glaciers were only created if near the south pole, some hot continents today had snow before, meaning that those continents were once together and closer to the south pole |
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How do continents move? |
the earth's core creates great energy which makes it way up to crust through the mantle, the heat then moves either away or towards each other, causing the continents to move slowly |
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What are the 4 types of continental movements? |
1. divergent 2. convergent 3. subduction 4. transform |
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What is "divergent"? |
movement: diving, moving away from each other
causes: earthquakes, volcanoes (worst/ most damaging movement)
located: middle of Atlantic (Atlantic Ridge)
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What is "convergent"? |
movement: verging, moving towards each other
causes:formation or mountains, trenches, |
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What is "subduction"? |
movement: one plate sliding under another
causes: underwater tsunamis, formations of volcanoes, earthquakes |
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What is "transform"? |
movement: moving away and alongside each other
causes: earthquakes |
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What is the Ring of Fire? |
a location having the most tectonic plate activity: 75% of world's active volcanoes 90% of earth's earthquakes 80% world's largest earthquakes |
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What is "weather"? |
a term used to describe the current conditions of the atmosphere
terms: temperature, precipitation eg. it's 7 degrees celsius, cloudy with scattered showers |
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BONUS BONUS! what's the term used to describe warm climate in a cold area? Where in Canada does that happen? |
The term used to describe warm climate in a cold area is "Shnuk"
this happens in Alberta |
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What is "climate"? |
term used to describe long term, usual weather condition for certain region
*different regions in the world have different climate due to their geography |
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How is a climate graph labeled? ________ is at the bottom ________ is on the right ________ is on the left |
months are at the bottom temp. is on the right (line graph): in celsius precip. is on the left (bar graph): in mm
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Mean Annual Temperature |
Definition: average temp - add up 12 months, divide by 12 - indicates wether area has warm or cool climate |
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Temperature Range |
Definition: how much temp. may vary from - subtract coldest from warmest temperature - determines whether area has high or low temp. range continental= high temp. range maritime= low temp. range |
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Total Preicip. |
Definition: total all the monthly precips. - indicates dry or wet climate - temp. has to be above 0 degrees (0 can be the lowest) or else considered as snowfall |
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Total Annual Rainfall |
Definition: added up precip. for the months having a temp. above 0 degrees celsius |
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Total Annual Snowfall |
Definition: added up precip. for months having a temp. below 0 degrees celsius
Dec. Jan. Feb. |
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Abbreviation: L.O.W.E.R.N. |
Latitude Ocean currents Wind direction and Air Mass Elevation Rlief Precip. Nearness to water |
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LATITUDE |
the farther away from the equator, the colder it get's for the sunlight hits the equator the most directly. Curvature of earth spread out rays more, making it less direct. |
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OCEAN CURRENTS |
water moves constantly, warm water moves to cool area and heat's up air above the water
east= cool currents west= warm currents |
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WIND DIRECTION & AIR MASS |
"front": describes line where moving air mass begins warm front= warm air mass cold front= cold air mass warm and cold front= moisture |
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ELEVATION |
- the higher up you are, the colder it gets - higher up, air tends to be thinner - temp. drops by 6.5 degrees every 1 km increase in altitude |
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RELIEF PRECEIPITATION |
WINDWARD SIDE: has more rain (wet), wind LEEWARD SIDE: dry and hot
*look at drawn diagram for visual explanation warm currents cause warm air to move up the mountain, causing it to cool and condense on its way up, forming rainclouds (heavy droplets), then it rain's as the clouds move to the other side of the mountain, before reaching the other side, it stops
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NEARNESS TO WATER |
1. in winter, it's colder away water because the water is warmer and it heats up the land closest to it, the further away from water you are, the colder it gets, warm wind things out the further away you get from water
2. in summer, warmer away from bodies of water because water is cool, cooling the land closest to it, further away from water you are, the hotter, cool wind thins out the further away you get from water |
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Definition: meltwater
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water resulting from the melting of glacier ice and snow
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Definition: escarpment
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Steep cliff formed by erosion or faulting
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