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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Definition of a mineral |
Naturally occurring Crystalline structure Homogeneous Inorganic Definite chemical composition Solid |
NCHIDS |
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Uses for minerals |
Hornblende - brakes Clay minerals - cat litter Sulfur - explosives |
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Strongest chemical bond |
Covalent |
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Pyrite equation |
Fools gold FeS2 |
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Calcite equation |
CaCo3 |
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Native elements |
Gold Silver Sulfur |
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Sulfide exampls |
Pyrite Galena |
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Carbonates example |
Calcite |
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Sheet silicate |
Mica |
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Isolated tetra |
Garnet Olivine |
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Framework silicates |
4 shared oxygen atoms build a 3D frame |
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Magma v lava |
Magma - molten rock at subsurface (chamber) Lava - molten rock at surface (flows) |
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Earth's internal heat currently from |
Radioactive elements decay and release heat |
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Earth's heat used to come from |
Latent heat/kinetic energy Elements sank and energy turned to heat. Compression as earth moved |
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Felsic igneous rock description and example |
Light color, less dense, quarts and feldspar |
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Magic igneous rock description and example |
Dark, more dense Olivine and horneblend |
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"Hot liquid magma" |
Dr. Evil |
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Intrusive rock |
Cools slowly near subsurface Big crystals |
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Extrusive rock |
Near surface Cools quickly Small crystals |
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Igneous dike |
Perpendicular intrusions |
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Igneous still |
Parallel intrusion |
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Pluton |
Bulb intrusion Ex. Yosemite |
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Batholite |
Like pluton but bigger Ex. Sierra Nevada mountains |
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Geothermal gradient |
25 degrees Celsius for every 1km per depth |
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Heat alone will not |
Induce partial melt at depth bc of pressure |
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3 ways to melt |
Decompression- pressure keeps atoms from breaking Melting bc volatile- volatile break bonds Conduction- magma causes melting |
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Viscosity |
Resistance to flow reflects silica content |
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4 magma types |
Felsic- granite and rhyolite Mafic - basalt Intermediate - half felsic half magic - andesite Ultramafic - lots of olivine -perodite andesite Ultramafic - lots of olivine -perodite |
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Different types of magma bc |
Different minerals melt at different temperatures |
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T/F - igneous melt is more felsic than the original rock |
True |
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Assimilation |
Chunks of magma falling |
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Magma mixing |
Magma from other chambers migrates |
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Partial melt |
Different minerals melt at different temps |
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Fractional crystalline |
Magma cools, dense minerals move down, leaving the melt felsic |
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Where does igneous activity occur |
Spreading centers - plates move apart Subduction zones - plates move together Hot spots - fixed thermal mantle |
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Diamonds are minerals? |
Yes |
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Sugar a mineral? |
No bc it's not inorganic |
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Ice a mineral? |
Yes |
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Volcanic glass a mineral? |
No |
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Dominant mineral in mantle |
Olivine |
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Dominant mineral in crust |
Feldspar and quartz |
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