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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The principal difference between mafic and silicic rocks.
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Mafic rocks are rich in Fe and Mg while silicic rocks are always less dense than mafic rocks.
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Theory of plate tectonics
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Theory that the outer layer of the Earth consists of separate plates that move with respect to one another.
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The youngest oceanic crust lies at___, The oldest oceanic crust lies at ____
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Mid-ocean ridge, the coasts of contienents
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What type of boundaries occur between earth plates?
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Divergent, Convergent, and Transform boundaries
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What process if occurring when two continental plates converge to form mountain ranges because crust is very buoyant?
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Orogenic process
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When does a hotspot occur?
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When mantle plumes rise and form a volcano in a stationary position.
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Continental margins that do not follow plate boundaries are commonly referred to as ____.
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Passive
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Name the order of lithosphere layers from bottom to top..
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Lithosphere mantle, Gabbro, Dikes, Pillow Basalt, Sediment
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How are dikes formed?
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When magma cools below the sea floor
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Where are pillow basalts formed?
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On the ocean floor
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All subducted crust is ____ in orgin
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Oceanic
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Where is it that there is a cluster of earthquake activity at a convergent boundaries?
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The Wadati-Benioff Zone
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When sediment piles up in trenches what will it form?
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An accretionary prism
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What type of triple junctions can occur?
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Ridge-ridge-ridge and trench-transform-transform
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Continental hotspots form ____.
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Geysers
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What kind of rock does paleomagnetisn occur in and why?
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Igneous rocks because when rocks are in the lava stage heat cause the dipoles of micro particles to move randomly so as the rock cools, the magnetic particles will align themselves to the poles and remain fixed.
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Where are seamounts generally found?
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In abyssal plain areas
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An ocean-ocean divergence is known as a(n) _______.
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Ocean Ridge
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There is strong magnetization when dipole moments ______.
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Are oriented in 1 direction.
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What does the magnetic field do?
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Deflects solar wind
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What is a Van Allen radiation belt?
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A strong field that traps in harmful radiation.
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Name the 3 types of gases that the atmosphere is comprised of:
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78% N, 21% O, and 1% minor gases
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Name 3 partitions of the atmosphere:
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Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere
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Name the Earth’s 3 compartments of Biogeochemistry.
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Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Biosphere
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What is the most common mineral on Earth?
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Silica
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Name the 4 categories of Earth minerals.
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Organics, Minerals, Glass, Silica
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What are inorganic compounds that are arranged in an orderly fashion called?
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Minerals.
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Which type of magma is the most viscous? Felsic magma or Mafic magma
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Felsic magma
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What are blob-shaped intrusions of igneous rock called?
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Plutons
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These rocks are formed when pre-existing rocks undergo change by heat and pressure.
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Metamorphic rocks.
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