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172 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a system of knowledge based on facts and principles
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science
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the application of science to meet human needs
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technology
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chemistry and physics
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phsyical sciences
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geology and meteorology
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earth sciences
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a tested possible explanation of a natural event
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theory
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a summary of an observed natural event
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conclusion
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a series of logical steps used to solve problems
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scientific method
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scientists test new ideas by performing what?
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experiments
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during an experiment only one _____ or change is tested at a time
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variable
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an experiment that generates a lot of data is usually plotted on a what?
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graph
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what does the prefix milli stand for?
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1/1000
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convert the following into scientific notation:
3,000,000,000 |
3 x 10 9
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convert the following into standard notation:
4.5 x 10 8 |
450,000,000
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to find the speed of something, you must measure what?
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distane and time
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when an object covers equal distances in equal amounts of time, it is moving at a what?
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constant speed
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the graph of a faster moving object like a jet has a _____ than a slower object like a walking peron
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higher slope
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the speed of a wheel chair racer can be found by dividing what?
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distance and time
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the word used to describe the speed AND direction of something
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velocity
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the velocity of a body changes if its speed or _____ changes
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direction
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the product of _____ and _____ is called momentum
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mass and velocity
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an object with more _____ would be more difficult to stop
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mass
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the law of conservation of momentum states that the total amount of momentum in a collision is _____. in other words, the total moment of two cards before a collison is the _____ as the total momentum after the collision.
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conserved, same
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any change in speed or velocity is called what?
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acceleration
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if the _____ of a bicycle increases very gradually, its acceleration is small
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velocity
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a bicycle traveling at a constant speed but changing _____ is still acceleration
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direction
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to calculate acceleration, divide the change in _____ by _____
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velocity by time
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_____ is the cause of acceleration of change in velocity
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force
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the combination of all forces acting on an object is called what?
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the net force
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_____ act in opposite directions and completley cancel each other out
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equal forces
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_____ act in opposite directions but do not cancel each other out
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unequal forces
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the graph of a faster moving object like a jet has a _____ than a slower object like a walking peron
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higher slope
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the speed of a wheel chair racer can be found by dividing what?
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distance and time
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the word used to describe the speed AND direction of something
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velocity
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the velocity of a body changes if its speed or _____ changes
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direction
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the product of _____ and _____ is called momentum
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mass and velocity
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an object with more _____ would be more difficult to stop
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mass
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the law of conservation of momentum states that the total amount of momentum in a collision is _____. in other words, the total moment of two cards before a collison is the _____ as the total momentum after the collision.
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conserved, same
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any change in speed or velocity is called what?
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acceleration
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if the _____ of a bicycle increases very gradually, its acceleration is small
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velocity
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a bicycle traveling at a constant speed but changing _____ is still acceleration
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direction
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to calculate acceleration, divide the change in _____ by _____
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velocity by time
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_____ is the cause of acceleration of change in velocity
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force
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the combination of all forces acting on an object is called what?
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the net force
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_____ act in opposite directions and completley cancel each other out
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equal forces
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_____ act in opposite directions but do not cancel each other out
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unequal forces
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an unbalanced force that can slow down the speed of a car
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friction
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friction varies depending on the _____ in contact
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force
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_____ is a type of friction that depends upon the interaction between the surface of a moving body and the air molecules
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air resistance
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the force of attraction between two particles due to their mass
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gravity
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the force of gravity between two objects depends on their _____ and the _____ between the two objects
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masses, distance
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the gravity between two objects in noticed when the mass of one object like the earth is very _____
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large
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_____ is the tendence for an object at rest to remain at rest or if moving, to continue moving with constant velocity
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inertia
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if an unbalanced force acts on an object, we know that the object will do what?
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move
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newton's 2nd law calculates the force action on and object by multiplying _____ by _____
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mass times acceleration
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force is measures in a unit called _____ which is kg m/s 2
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newtons
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when gravity is the only force action on a body, it is said to be in _____
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free fall
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during free fall the speed of all bodies _____ regardless of their _____
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is the same, masses
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free fall means that if you drop a light book and a heavy rock from the same height, they would hit the ground when?
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time
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the acceleration a body feels during free fall is called _____
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gravity
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to calculate the force of gravity or weight, multiply _____ by _____
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mass, gravity
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a quantity that measures the effects of force acting over a distance is called what?
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work
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the units of work are ____ which are newtons/ meter
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joules
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_____ is the rate at which work is done or how fast work is done
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power
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a machine makes it easier to do _____ by redirectiong or multiplying forces
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work
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_____ is the term used to descrivbe how much force or distance is multiplied by a machine
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mechanical advantage
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there are _____ types of simple machines divided into two familes, the _____ and the _____
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6, lever, inclined plane
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the incline plane family inclues _____,_____, and ______
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wedge, inclined plane, and screw
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when work is done, then an object gains what?
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energy
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a stretched slingshot stores energy in the form called _____
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potential energy
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the energy an object has because of its motion is called _____
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kinetic energy
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the _____ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed
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law of conservation of energy
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the law of conservation of energy means that as potential energy becomes _____, kinetic energy becomes _____
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decreased, increased
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a _____ is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space
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wave
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the matter through which a wave travels through is called a what?
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medium
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waves that require a medium are called what?
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mechanical waves
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a type of wave that does not require a medium is called a what?
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electromagnetic wave
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most waves are caused by what?
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vibrating particles
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_____ have perpendicular motions
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transverse
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_____ waves cause the particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of motion
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longitudinal
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light waves are an example of _____ waves, and sound waves are an example of _____ waves
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electromagnetic/transverse, longitudinal
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the highest point on a transverse wave is called a what?
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crest
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the lowest point on a transverse wave is called a what?
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trough
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the height of the wave is known as the _____ and indicates the _____ of the wave
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amplitude, intensity
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the distance from one crest to another crest i called the what?
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wavelength
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the number of vibrations of a wave each second is known as the _____
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frequency
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to measure a wave's speed, you multiply _____ by _____
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frequency by wavelength
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_____ occurs when waves bounce off of a surface
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reflection
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_____ occurs when waves bend around a surface
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diffraction
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_____ occurs when waves bend througha surface
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refraction
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_____ occurs when two waves meet and add or cancel energies
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interference
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all sounds are caused by what?
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vibrating matter
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the loundess of a song is determined by the energy of a wave called its what?
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intensity
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the loudness of a sound is measured in units called what?
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decibels
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the highness or lowness of a sound is called the what?
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frequency
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the pitch is caused by the _____ of the vibrating body
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frequency
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when the body vibrates quickly, the sound we hear is what?
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a high pitch
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_____ gives every instrument its unique sound and allows musicians to play chords
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resonance
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_____ occurs when the sound is amplified by the two objects that are vibrating at the same frequency
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resonance
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in order to hear, sounds cause the _____ to vibrate. these vibrations are transferred to the _____ by the bones of the middle ear where nerve endings send a message to the _____
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eardrum, cochlea, brain
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light can be described as a _____ or a _____. this is called the duality of light
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wave, particle
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in the particle model of light, packets of energy are called _____
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photons
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the brightness of light depends upon a light wave's _____, but the enrgy of a light wave depends on its _____
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amplitude, frequency
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the range of light waves emitted from a luminous source is called the _____
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spectrum
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name the eight regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from longest to shortest wavelengths
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radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
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the region of light that we see is called the _____
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visible light, ROYGBIV- colors
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a type of wave that does not require a medium is called a what?
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electromagnetic wave
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most waves are caused by what?
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vibrating particles
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_____ have perpendicular motions
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transverse
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_____ waves cause the particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of motion
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longitudinal
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light waves are an example of _____ waves, and sound waves are an example of _____ waves
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electromagnetic/transverse, longitudinal
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the highest point on a transverse wave is called a what?
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crest
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the lowest point on a transverse wave is called a what?
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trough
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the height of the wave is known as the _____ and indicates the _____ of the wave
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amplitude, intensity
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the distance from one crest to another crest i called the what?
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wavelength
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the number of vibrations of a wave each second is known as the _____
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frequency
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to measure a wave's speed, you multiply _____ by _____
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frequency by wavelength
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_____ occurs when waves bounce off of a surface
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reflection
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_____ occurs when waves bend around a surface
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diffraction
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_____ occurs when waves bend througha surface
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refraction
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_____ occurs when two waves meet and add or cancel energies
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interference
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light waves shorter than visible light are called _____, and light waves longer than visible light are called _____
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ultraviolet, infrared
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the law of reflection states that the angle of reflected light _____ the angle of incident light
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equals
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white light is made up of _____ colors
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seven
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a green plant only reflects _____ light
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green
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when light hits a boundary at an angle, it bends or _____
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refracts
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_____ are cruved pieces of glass that bend light to make images bigger or smaller
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lenses
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a _____ can bend white light and separate it into colors of the rainbow
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prism
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unit for work
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joules
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unit for power
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watts
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unit for force
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newtons
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units for potential energy
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joules
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units for kinetic energy
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joules
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units for efficiency
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percent
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units for wavelength
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hertz
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the sum of all matter and energy that exists that ever existed and will ever exist
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universe
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a huge ball of hot gas that emits light
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star
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a collection of millions of billions of stars bound together by gravity
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galaxy
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a unit of distance equal to the distance light travels in one year
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light year
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the gas and dust located between the stars in a galaxy
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instellar matter
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a group of galaxies bound by gravity
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cluster
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a shift towards the red end of the spectrum in the observed spectal lines of stars or galazies
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red shift
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a scientific theory that states that the universe began 10 billion to 20 billion years ago in an enormous explosion
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big bang theory
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type of galaxy that is sprial shaped, has arms that contain gas and dust, and contains new stars, giving the galazy a blueish color
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spiral galaxy
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type of galaxy that is spherical shaped, contains little amounts of gas and dust, and contains old stars, giving the galaxy a reddish color
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elliptical galaxy
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type of galaxy that doesn't have a defined shape or structure, may contain a little amount of gas and dust, and may be a lrage cloud of interstellar matter that never became stars
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irregular galaxy
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the thinnest layer of the earth
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crust
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the layer of rock between the earth's crush and its core
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mantle
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the center of a planetary body, such as the earth
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core
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the thin outer shell of the earth, consisting of the crust and the ridged upper mantle
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lithosphere
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zone of the mantle beneath the lithosphere that consists of slowly flowing solid rock
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asthenosphere
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molten rock with the earth
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magma
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process where a tectonic plate dives benath another plate and into the asthenosphere
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subduction
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a crack in the earth created when rocks on either side of a break move
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fault
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continents once made up one super large continent...by alfred wegner
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pangea
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two plates move apart and create a gap between them. magma rises and cools forming new lithospheric rock. form mountain rainges and mid-oceanic ridges. valley in between is a rift valley
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divergent boundaries
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old lithosphere is destroyed while a new lithosphere enters. formed through subduction. ocean trenches form along boundaries between two ocean plates or between an oceanic plate and a continental plate. colliding continental plates create mountains. plates come together.
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convergent boundaires
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as plates moves, they scrape up against each other. the breaks they cause are called faults. rocks move horizontally past each other at faults
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transform fault boundary
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are along a fault where slippage first occurs, starting an earthquake
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focus
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point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
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epicenter
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primary waves; longitudinal waves generated by an earthquake
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p waves
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secondary waves; transverse waves generated by an earthquake
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s waves
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a seismic wave that travels along the earth's surface
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surface waves
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study of earthwuakes and related phenomena
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seismology
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scale that expresses the relative magnitude of an earthquake
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richter scale
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opening through which molten rock flows onto the earth's surface
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vent
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type of volcano that has a gently sloping mountain, one of the larger volcanoes, and contains layers of lava
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shield volcano
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type of volcano that has more steeper slopes, slightly smaller and taller, contains layers of cinders and lava
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composite volcano
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type of volcano that has very steep sloped, small based and very tall, and contains layers of cinder
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cinder cone volcano
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type of volcano that is underwater
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seamount volcano
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rock formed from cooled and hardended magma or lava
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igneous rock
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a natural, inorganic solid with definite chemical composition and a charachteristic internal structure
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mineral
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change in the physical form or chemical composition of rock materials exposed at the earth's surface
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weathering
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