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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The current world population is approx:
2 billion 3 billion 7 billion 8 billion |
7 billion
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The world pop is expected to rise until it stabilizes at
7 billion 8 billion 12 billion 50 billion |
12 billion
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The US demand for mineral resources is often __ the US' supply of these mineral resources:
greater than less than the same as none of the above |
greater than
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How have humans disrupted the Earth's natural carbon cycle?
removing carbon from biomass removing carbon dioxide from the oceans adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere adding carbon to sedimentary rocks |
adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
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What are earth's two sources of energy?
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Heat from the sun
Internal heat |
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The quantity of a given mineral resource will always be ___ the quantity of that same mineral's reserve
greater than less than the same as none |
greater than
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Only about __ of water on Earth is available and suitable for humans to consume
20% 10% 1% .25% |
.25%
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The Himalayas are found at a __ plate boundary
divergent ocean-continent convergent continent-continent convergent transform |
continent-continent convergent
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the mid atlantic ridge is found at a __ plate boundary
divergent ocean-continent convergent continent-continent convergent ocean-ocean convergent |
divergent
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the principal mineral deposited when seawater evaporates is
quartz calcite halite galena |
halite
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marble forms as a result of
the crystallization of granites the crystallization of basalts the metamorphism of coal the metamorphism of limestone |
the metamorphism of limestone
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most groundwater
has seeped into the ground from rivers and lakes has seeped from oceans has seeped from rainwater is the result of hydrothermal fluids rising from igneous intrusions |
has seeped from rainwater
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regional metamorphism of shales generally results in the formation of
coal slate marble oil shale |
slate
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coal beds form as the result of
hydrothermal fluids the burial of marine organic matter the burial of terrestrial plant matter the crystallization of basalts |
the burial of terrestrial plant matter
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Pegmatites and veins generally form
in basalt flows in granite intrusions in contact metamorphic zones along divergent plate boundaries |
in granite intrusions
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black smokers form most often
at subduction zones at divergent plate boundaries in the centers of continental plates at continent-continent convergent plate boundaries |
at divergent plate boundaries
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A coastal nation's exclusive economic zone, defined by the UN, extends ___ from all land within that nation
10 nautical miles 100 nautical miles 200 nautical miles 2000 nautical miles |
200 nautical miles
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the max # of humans who can comfortable inhabit earth is termed earth's ____
tipping point thermal max carrying capacity population max |
carrying capacity
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Which 3 elements make up 98% of the mass of a living plant
H N C H O C O C K N O C |
H O C
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the 3 primary components of fertilizers are
K Na N N S K K N Fe N P K |
NPK
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the first sources of nitrogen used for fertilizer were
wood ashes ocean salts animal wastes bones |
animal wastes
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the first sources of phosphate used for fertilizer were
wood ashes ocean salts animal wastes bones |
bones
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the largest volume mineral commodity used in the US is
sand and gravel crushed stone dimension stone coal |
crushed stone
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the primary constituent used in making bricks is
clay sand limestone dolostone |
clay
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glasses like pyrex are usually prepared with the addition of
alumina borax metallic oxide flugerite |
borax
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the principal use of barite is
to make glass flux in steel making as a refractory as oil drilling mud |
as oil drilling mud
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the primary use of titanium today is
a steel alloy a white paint pigment solders electrical wires |
a white paint pigment
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the most abundant of the metals in earth's crust is
silicon iron aluminum titanium |
silicon
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the abundant metal commonly extracted from brines is
silicon iron aluminum magnesium |
magnesium
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the world's largest reserves of minable gold are held by
the US Russia Canada Republic of South Africa |
south africa
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the principal use of platinum today is
electrical wires catalytic converters coinage steel-alloy |
catalytic converters
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the metal with the highest melting point
tungsten zinc platinum mercury |
tungsten
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metal used to galvanize iron
zinc tungsten platinum mercury |
zinc
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put these in order of increasing heat value:
peat, lignite, anthracite, bituminous |
peat lignite bituminous anthracite
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the modern oil industry started in 1859 in
TX PA Saudi Arabia England |
PA
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in 1850 the dominant energy source in the US was
wood coal gas oil |
wood
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today the dominant energy source used to generate electricity in the US is
wood coal gas oil |
coal
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natural gas is comprised primarily of
butane methane pentane gasoline |
methane
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the fuel for nuclear fission reactors is
U 234 U 235 U 236 U 238 |
U 235
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the most efficient:
hydroelectric power coal-burning plant nuclear plant oil-burning plant |
hydroelectric
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the average geothermal gradient is
10 degrees C/km 15 20 25 |
25
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the world major geothermal fields are located
in stable continental interiors along major tectonic plates in areas of deep erosion in tropical latitudes |
along tectonic plates
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the country that produces the largest amount of electricity by nuclear reactor
France germany japan us |
US
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first metals used by humans
iron and gold copper and gold copper and zinc iron and aluminum |
copper and gold
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the principle fuel for the new machines of the industrial revolution was
hydroelectric wood coal oil |
coal
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the principal cause of acid mine drainage is the breakdown of
carbonates clays pyrite salt |
pyrite
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primary human contribution to global warming comes from
nuclear power plants coal power plants cars oil refineries |
coal power plants
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high level radioactive wastes
0.001% 0.1 1 10 |
0.1%
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the main producer of solid wastes
agriculture municipalities chemical industry mineral industry |
agriculture
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the zone of max precipitation lies
along the equator 25-30 degrees N/S of the equator 45-50 degrees N/S of the equator in the poles |
equator
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zone of minimum precipitation lies
along the equator 25-30 degrees N/S of the equator 45-50 degrees N/S of the equator in the poles |
25-30 degrees N/S
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