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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Largest igneous intrusive body
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Batholith
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Hypothesis can become a theory. A theory...
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May explain a fact
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Not common element
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Potassium
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Isotopes:
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Neutrons: diff
Protons: same |
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Atoms of same element have...
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Same protons
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Atoms bond because...
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they are stable when their outer electron shell is filled
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Mineral most abundant in earth's crust
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Silicates
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Quartz is made up of...
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Entirely silicon and Oxygen
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What are the terrestrial planets
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Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury
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What two minerals have similar texture?
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Granite & Gabbro
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Pumice is...
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Glassy, extrusive, small holes, (all of the above)
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Rhyolite is similar to...
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Granite
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Element most abundant in Earth's weight...
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Oxygen
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Calcite reacts to...
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HCL
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Ferromagnesiums are made of...
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Iron and aluminum
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Scoria is...
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Vescular and Mafic
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Universe expanding...
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Doppler Effect
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Silicates are made of...
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Silican and Oxygen
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Can a mineral be composed of only one element?
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Yes
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Laccolith is...
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Near surface, igneous
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Graphite and Diamonds have...
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Different bonding
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Phaneritic is
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Course grained, equal crystal sizes
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Rhyolite
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igneous
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Dike is...
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Along a crack or fissure (discordant)
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Gradded bedding
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turbidity fluids
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Gneiss
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alternating bonds--light and dark
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Sorting
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selective transport/deposite
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LATERITE soils form in
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The rainforest
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Trace fossils record...
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behavior
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Humace soil is...
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-Dark
-Organic -Made of bacterial Decay |
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Most important mechanical weathering:
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Frost wedging
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Most common in detrital sediment...
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Clay and Quartz
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Primary contribute to metamorphism
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Heat
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PEDALFER soil occurs in...
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Arid climates
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Can different climates yield the same soil?
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Yes!
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Making of a Conglomerate...
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Very turbulant
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Bedded gypsum ad rocksalts are...
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Evaporites!
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Where is the Zone of Leaching?
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Horizon A
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Mud cracks indicate...
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deposition in a drying region
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Pyritazation is...
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replacement
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Permelization...
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Bones made denser
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compaction is more important in the lithocation process for...
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Limestone
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Chemical weathering is most effective under what conditions?
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Warm and Humid
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Detrital sediment is NOT in...
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Salt flat
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Met. in fault zones...
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Dynamic Metamorphism
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List in order of increasing course texture...
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Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss
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Asthenosphere is...
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Upper mantle
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Andes formed from
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Plate subduction
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Most violent volcano...
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Composite Cone
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Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere...
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Subduction zones
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Lineral, mag. Patterns... (?)
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-Normal / reversed
-stripes parallel to ridges |
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Which waves are fastest?
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P waves
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P and S waves can travel through solids, but S waves CANNOT travel through...
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Liquids
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What is the Source?
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Focus
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Transform plate boundary is
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deep, vertical fault / slide past
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Shield Volcano is
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Large, gently sloping
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Most active volcanoes are refereed to as
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Ring of Fire
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What kind of volcano is Mt St Helens?
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An explosive Stratovolcano
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Mesosaurus...
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Found in South America and Africa in paleozoic time
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reoccurance interval of volcano in Yellowstone:
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600,000 years
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What made Crater Lake?
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A caldera collapse
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Ropey texture
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pohoehoe
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Mid Oceanic Ridge System is...
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Submarine
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Supported existence of Pangaea...
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Islands of Precambrian rock along Mid Oceanic Ridge
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Greatest active volcano is in...
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The Circum Pacific
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Lithosphere is...
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Rigid layer of crust and upper mantle
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Reason for volcanoes along deep valleys in east Africa...
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Continental Rift
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_______ is a dissolve of both magmas and volcanic gas
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Water
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NOT pyroclastic:
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Cynders
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Dense Core is made of...
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Iron
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Average component of continental crust...
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Granit
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Columbia Plateau is
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Glacial Deposite
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We know so much about Earth's interior because of...
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Seismic Waves
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The Continental Rift is
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a divergent plate boundary
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Richter scale
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30 fold
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Average componant of oceanic crust...
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Basalt
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Least permeable...
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Clay
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Deep, meandering canyons...
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incised meanders
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Abandoned Meander Loop
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Oxbow
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Water table
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----Unsaturated material---
------------H20 table----------- ------Saturated material----- |
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As stream discharge INCREASES,
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velocity, width, and depth INCREASES
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Particles are streamed by...
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Saltation
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Permeable rock strata:
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Aquifer
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Wide streams and Valleys are related to...
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Natural Levees ; Broad Floodplains
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Alluvial Fan forms when...
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steep gradient stream abruptly enters a wide level plane
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The water table is NOT always flat!
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The water table is NOT always flat!
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Pointbars and Cutbanks are...
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Meandering Rivers
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Loose, undisturbed particles are stable at an angle of repose...?
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Yes!
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Loss of 2 Protons and 2 Neutrons is...
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Electron Decay
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Predictable order...
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Fossil Succesion
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Fault with little or no vertical movement...
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Strike Slip
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Horst
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Uplifted block bounded by two normal faults
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Thrust fault is...
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Low angle, reverse fault
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Transform Fault is...
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Strike Slip
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Uniformitarianism is by...
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Hutton
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Earthflow occurs in...
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Humid, tropic regions
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"Present is the key to the past" =
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Uniformitarianism
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Paleozoic means...
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era of Ancient Life
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Mass Movement along a curve is called...
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Slump
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Mountains and Valleys basins
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tensional stresses ; normal fault
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Index fossils...
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lived a short period of time
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Creep...
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Does the greatest amount of economic damage
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Folding rocks to NOT occur near Earth's surface
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Folding rocks do NOT occur near Earth's surface
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Tensional Stress means...
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Normal fault
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Slow, down slope movement of water and saturated surface sediment...
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Solifluction
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After gravity, major cause of Mass Wasting ****(TEST CORRECTION SAYS--"WATER" IS ANSWER IN NOTES)****
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Weathering (According to Test correction. I thought it was water.)
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Brittle deformation favors...
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Cooler temperatures
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Fault/igneous intrusions, younger than what it cuts, called...
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Cross - cutting
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Surface erosion between older rock on bottom and younger rock on top is called...
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disconformity
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