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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plate techtonics |
Earth's outer shell made of individual plates that move causing earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, formation/destruction of crust |
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Pangea |
Supercontinent -- 300 million years ago continents collided |
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3 types of plate movement |
Divergent, convergent, transform |
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Subduction |
Oceanic plate slides under continental |
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Folding |
2 plates push together and fold earth's crust to mountains |
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Faulting |
Break in earth's crust from vertical plate movement |
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Convection currents |
Hot currents of magma in mantle and causes plates to move |
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Mantle |
Between core and crust of earth |
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Earth age |
4.5 billion years |
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Eras (in order) |
Precambrian, palezoic, mesozoic, canozoic |
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Weathering |
Water/wind/chemicals/biotics break down existing rock |
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Erosion |
Movement of weathered rock by rivers/wind/ocean |
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Deposition |
Placement of eroded rock to different place (techtonic force lifts rock out of ocean) |
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Weather vs climate |
Day to day vs average over time |
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LOWERN? |
Latitude Ocean currents Wind Elevation Relief Near water |
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Capital of manitoba |
Winnipeg |
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Capital of alberta |
Edminton |
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Capital of saskatewan |
Regina |
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Capital of nova scotia |
Halifax |
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Capital p.e.i. |
Charlottetown |
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Capital new brunswick |
Fredricton |
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Capital yukon |
Whitehorse |
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Capital nunavut |
Iqaluit |
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Capital northwest territories |
Yellowknife |
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Metamorphic |
Rock formed by heat and pressure |
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Leeward side |
Dry desert like side of mountain |
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Permafrost |
Soil frozen all year long |
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Windward side |
Side of mountain where relief precipitation occurs |
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Continental drift |
Movement of land masses |
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Mid Atlantic ridge |
Splitting in Atlantic Ocean |
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Igneous rock |
Formed by cooling of magma |
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How many plates is the earth made of? |
Approx. 30 |
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Loam |
Mix of sand silt clay humus - best for growing plants |
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Leeching |
Removal of minerals as water moves through soil |
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Calification |
As topsoil evaporates calcium is left on surface and can be poisonous to plants |
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First nations |
Native group in which members share common culture and history/wish to be treated as distinct group |
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3 types of natives |
First nations, metis, inuit |
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Canada's population |
35 million |
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Resource |
Something used to produce good or service |
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Natural resource |
Naturally created (water, wood) |
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Renewable resource |
Regenerated if used carefully (plastic, fish) |
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Nonrenewable resource |
Limited & can't be replaced (oil, coal) |
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Flow resource |
Constantly produced, can't be damaged by humans (solar,wind) |
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Mining |
Exploiting resource unsustainably |
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Yield development |
Managing resource to ensure no long term depletion |
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Aridity index |
Measures global water supply |
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Aridity index formula |
Precipitation Ai = potential evaporation |
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The water cycle |
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Drainage basin |
Area of land in which all water flows to same body of water |
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Our 5 main drainage basins |
Atlantic Pacific Arctic Gulf of Mexico Hudsons bay |
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Population pyramid |
Shows number of people (% or #) living in country at certain age ranges |
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How to colour pop pyramid |
Dependency load red, working pop green |
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Pyramid types |
Expanding stationary and contracting |
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Ecological footprint |
Measure of productive land an individual uses |
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Demography |
The study of population |
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Latitude |
Fatitude -- 90° from equator |
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Longitude |
Oranges -- 180° divided by prime meridian > international date like - grenich england |
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Richter scale |
Measures earthquakes |
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Fog |
Warm and cold air together |
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Population growth rate |
Natural increase rate + net migration rate |
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Birth rate formula |
# births Total pop. ×1000 |
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How does elevation effect climate? |
As air rises it expands :. It cools and reaches dew point Then we get clouds/condensation |
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Geography |
Science of understanding how earth works and how people can change it |
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Types of maps |
Political - countries/capitals Topographic - elevation Thematic - specific info/theme Historical - change over time |
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The rock cycle |
Magma > cooled to igneous rock > heat/pressure to metamorphic/erosion to sediments > sediments compressed to sedimentary > heat/pressure to metamorphic |
