Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Order of planets |
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, |
|
|
|
Fossils |
Buried remains of organic life, typical have hard parts, or trace fossils. |
|
|
|
Nicolas steno |
Father of stratigraphy |
|
|
|
Principle of superposition |
Sedimentary rocks are created in succession. Oldest rocks on bottom news rocks on top. |
|
|
|
Principle of original horizontality |
Sedimentary layers are deposited horizontally when they are formed. |
|
|
|
Principle of lateral continunity |
Rock layers are continuous until encountering an obstruction. |
|
|
|
Steno rules |
Principle of superposition, principle of original horizontally, and principle of lateral continuity. |
|
|
|
William smith |
Utility of fossils place rocks unit in superpositional position based on fossils. - created first geologic map based on fossils. |
|
|
|
Index Fossil |
Units of study biostratigraphy, |
|
|
|
Charles Lyell |
Worth principles of geology. |
|
|
|
Charles Darwin |
Natural selection, evalution |
|
|
|
Homology |
Organs with different functions built from the same basic evolutionary parts. |
|
|
|
Analogy |
Structure which preforms a similar function as a structure in another group. Insect wings vs bird wings. |
|
|
|
Species |
Consist of highly visible individuals, divide into geographic restricted populations. |
|
|
|
Biological species concept |
Individual offspring that naturally breeds together, produces viable offspring. |
|
|
|
Morphological species concept. |
Species defined by significant changes in morphology. |
|
|
|
Gene pool |
Genetic diversity of a population |
|
|
|
Gene flow |
The inter breeding of different populations. |
|
|
|
Mutation |
Random mistakes. |
|
|
|
Speciation |
Prohibitions of species |
|
|
|
Allipatric model |
Physical separation of two populations, new species. |
|
|
|
Dumbstruck model |
Species evolve from a parent species side by side without separation. |
|
|
|
Genotype |
Genetic composition of an organism |
|
|
|
Phenotype |
Physical expression of the genotype. |
|
|
|
Gradualism vs punctuated |
Genetics studies, fossil studies. |
|
|
|
Principle of cross cutting relationships |
Faults or dikes cutting across rocks. |
|
|
|
Principle of inclusion |
Objects enclosed in a rock must be older than the rock itself. |
|
|
|
Principle of Fauna succession |
Biostratigraphy |
Correlation of rocks units based on fossil content |
|
|
Relative time |
Observe rocks to determine order of events that produced them. |
|
|
|
Absolute dating |
To actually know how long ago an event occurred. Requires lab. |
|
|
|
Uncomformities |
three types -Angular unconformity -Discomfomity-erosin -Nonconformity, sed or morphing rocks lay on igneous rocks. |
|
|
|
Big bang |
15 million years ago |
|
|
|
Nebula |
A cloud of gas and dust in space. |
|
|
|
Supernova |
Large star explode after fission of elements. |
|
|
|
necleosynthesis. |
Formation of elements by fusion and super Nova. |
|
|
|
Doppler effect |
Blues high frequency Red low ".... " |
|
|
|
Nebular hypothesis |
-Nebula contracts under gravity into disk -contraction rotates nebulae disk. -matter concentrates in center, makes proto sun. -proto sun becomes dense hot fusion ignites. |
|
|
|
Accretion |
Particles of matter become clumped together. |
|
|
|
Hadean |
1/2 billion years, period from formation of the earth until solidifies. No rock record, bombardment. |
|
|
|
Earth is layered, because of earth quakes. |
Earthquakes. |
|
|
|
Whole earth elements |
Iron, oxygen, silicon |
|
|
|
Crust made up of. |
Oxygen, silicon, aluminum. |
|
|
|
Oxygen + silicon = |
Rocks |
|
|
|
Archean |
Earliest form of life 3.8. Bacteria. |
|
|
|
Early atmosphere |
First 4.2, second 4. |
|
