Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How much energy did the pre-fire hunter/gatherer use ?
|
2,000 kc per capita
|
|
|
How much energy did the hunter/gatherer with fire use?
|
5,000 kc per capita
|
|
|
How much energy did the primitive agriculture era use?
|
12,000 kc per capita
|
|
|
How much energy did advanced agriculture use?
|
26,000 kc per capita
|
|
|
How much energy did the industrial society use?
|
77,000 kc per capita
|
|
|
How much energy does the technological society of today use?
|
300,000kc +++
|
|
|
Name the early agricultural hearths.
|
Mesopotamia (Iraq), South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, East Africa, Central America, South America
|
|
|
Agriculture technology spread through the early agricultural hearths through the process of
|
spatial diffusion
|
|
|
Name the 3 earliest forms of subsistence agriculture?
|
slash and burn fallow, nomadic herding, rudimentary-sedentary agriculture
|
|
|
Define slash and burn agriculture.
|
A certain area of forest is selected, and completely cut down. Then it is allowed to dry and then is burned. Then familiar species are planted for a few years until the ground does not produce as well as it did and weeds invade.
|
|
|
Define nomadic herding.
|
Sheep and cattle began being domesticated. People would move around to find more feed for the cattle. Could intercept energy in areas not suitable for cultivation of crops.
|
|
|
Early agricultural settlement increased:
|
standard of living, food security, and the availability of goods and services
|
|
|
Which early type of agriculture was the foundation for settlement and early societies and civilization?
|
rudimentary-sedentary agriculture
|
|
|
Early agricultural settlement meant:
|
an increase in the availability of goods and services, food security and standard of living
|
|
|
The transition to agriculture reinforced what?
|
the evolving class structure
|
|
|
The transition to agriculture facilitated what?
|
the evolution of urban centers
|
|
|
Urban centers facilitated what?
|
the expansion of agriculture
|
|
|
What were the advantages of cities evolving as cores?
|
better technology, better location--more resources available, better defense system, spatial expansion of the periphery
|
|
|
What is a core-periphery relationship?
|
the relationship between an area's center and its surrounding areas
|
|
|
As growth occurs, what also increases in a empire?
|
economic complexity and spatial connections
|
|
|
What is an example of a core-periphery relationship?
|
The horseshoe and water delivery systems in Rome
|
|
|
What accumulates in the core as growth increases?
|
surplus and power
|
|
|
What are some disadvantages of wheat and cattle?
|
it requires the expansion of land, there is a shortage in the winter time, there is limited fertilizer, lead to increased taxes and lower SOL
|
|
|
What was the main result of the use of wheat and cattle in Europe?
|
a rapid population growth
|
|
|
When the New World was discovered, transfers of goods were made because of
|
diffusion
|
|
|
Why did China not colonize in the New World or take advantage of its resources?
|
they did not pursue overseas opportunities and were more concerned with their own "world"; had to deal with the threat of Japanese and Mongol pirates, their ag-rice was more land-productive and so had little reason to have to expand
|
|
|
Merchant capitalism was based on:
|
trade/expansion
|
|
|
As merchant capitalism evolved, manors:
|
started to decline because they were economically limited due to their self-sufficiency
|
|
|
Import substitution:
|
.
|
|
|
Gold and silver from the Americas created:
|
demand for consumer goods
|
|
|
Expanding resources and expanding economic demand increased:
|
SOL, technological development, and control over the rest of the world
|
|
|
Europe was the core and what was its periphery?
|
the rest of the world
|
|
|
The growing merchant economy destroyed what?
|
local and regional economies, as well as cultural systems
|
|
|
What was the significance of egalitarian societies?
|
they learned to make their own resources
|
|
|
Macchu Picchu was what kind of core?
|
spiritual
|
|
|
The Roman empire would have been much smaller without the:
|
horseshoe, because it allowed horses and people to travel and settle for further distances
|
|
|
T/F A state can stay on top forever.
|
False
|
|
|
A rapid population growth causes a society to
|
find new ways to grow more food
|
|
|
In the merchant economy, Spain
|
was rich, but never developed
|
|
|
In the merchant economy, Italy
|
was in constant conflict, had a collapse of markets, and had a negative trade balance
|
|
|
In the merchant economy, the Netherlands
|
benefited from a lack of restrictions, but never had enough people to be dominant
|
|
|
In the merchant economy, England
|
invested heavily in merchant marine, traders and merchants
|
|
|
What is colonialism?
|
when a state goes in and takes control over new lands and makes the indigenous people there abide by its laws; ethnically cleansing the people
|
|
|
What is imperialism?
|
when a state goes into a land and uses the people of the land to extract its resources for them
|
|
|
Industrialization means:
|
the ability to use inanimate energy to extract resources
|
|
|
What is responsible for today's SOL line?
|
industrialization
|
|
|
What is the result of industrialization?
|
increased resource availability and overall SOL
|
|
|
What began to change the world economy in the last half of the 1700s?
|
Innovation and diffusion of technologies associated with manufacturing and industrialization
|
|
|
What were the first innovations in the industrial revolution?
|
textile power looms and railroads and canals
|
|
|
When did wage labor come about?
|
during the Industrial Revolution
|
|
|
Who claimed that not everyone was happy with the labor reduction?
|
Ned Ludd
|
|
|
Machine production increased ___________ and decreased the need for _________________
|
efficiency; labor
|
|
|
Railway reduced what?
|
friction of distance
|
|
|
What is a pent-up market demand?
|
when the demand for a product is unusually high because there was a built-up demand for it over time because it was not available on the market or something
|
|
|
When was there a pent-up demand?
|
After WWII
|
|
|
One of the reasons North America began to dominant industry is because
|
they had a sufficient market size to foster giant corporations
|
|
|
Taylorism and Fordism were named after which people?
|
Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford
|
|
|
What was Taylorism?
|
system of management that has workers in an assembly line performing machine-like actions
|
|
|
What was Fordism?
|
system of management similar to Taylorism that was involved in mass production that helped to keep prices low and keep a wider market
|
|
|
Which system of management became the world model?
|
Fordism
|
|
|
Karl Marx stated what of the economy?
|
Contribute all that you can, take only what you need
|
|
|
The USSR leaders believed that resources
|
are owned by all people, are managed in a democratic way, labor is what is valuable
|
|
|
What country was producing producer goods instead of consumer goods and therefore have citizens living on a low level?
|
Russia
|
|
|
Territorial production complexes at expense of other areas-to max production
|
agglomeration economics
|
|
|
where already well endowed areas receive proportionally larger part of budget
|
incrementalism
|
|
|
Evolution of a bureaucratic class that used state power to exploit workers and to compete for power and economic advantage in the world economy
|
reality-central plannign
|
|
|
What 3 spatial processes determine the spatial distribution of agriculture?
|
1) environment 2) cultural preferences 3) transportation costs
|
|
|
personal preference
|
subsistence
|
|
|
market preference
|
commercial
|
|
|
Which spatial process in agriculture only occurs in commercial agriculture?
|
transportation costs
|
|
|
What are some negative effects of agriculture?
|
Soil erosion
Disruption of ecosystem balance and nutrients Changes moisture regimes |
|
|
What represents the largest input of energy into global commercial agriculture?
|
agricultural chemicals
|
