Geo 101 Final

Front 1

Mass Wasting

Back 1

the down slope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under direct influence of gravity

Front 2

Liquefaction

Back 2

Intense ground shaking during earth quakes can cause water saturated surface materials to lose their strength and behave like fluid like masses

Front 3

Slump

Back 3

The downward sliding of a mass of rock or material moving as a unit along a curved surface

Front 4

Lahars

Back 4

derbis flows composed mostly of volcanic material on the flanks of volcanoes

Front 5

Creep

Back 5

A type of mass wasting that involves the gradual downhill movement of soil and regolith

Front 6

Solifluction

Back 6

A type of mass wasting that is common where ever water cannot escape from the saturated surface layer

Front 7

Hydrologic cycle

Back 7

unending circulation of earth's water supply

Front 8

Infiltration

Back 8

A portion of the water soaks into the ground moving downward, then laterally, and finally seeping into lakes, stream, or directly into the ocean

Front 9

Sheet Flow

Back 9

Runoff initially flows in broad, this sheets across the ground

Front 10

Drainage basin

Back 10

The land area that contributes water to a river system

Front 11

Gradient

Back 11

The slope of a stream channel expressed as the vertical drop of a stream over a specified distance

Slope= rise/run

Front 12

Cross- sectional shape

Back 12

determines the around of water in contact with the channel and hence affects the frictional drag

Front 13

Discharge

Back 13

the volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time

Discharge= channel width x depth x velocity

Front 14

Dissolved Load

Back 14

brought to a stream by groundwater and dispersed throughout the flow

Front 15

Suspended Load

Back 15

Most streams carry the largest part of their load in suspension, the visible cloud of sediment suspended in the water

Front 16

Bed Load

Back 16

Sediment moved along the bottom of a stream by moving water

Front 17

Capacity

Back 17

The maximum load of solid particles that a stream can transport

Front 18

Competence

Back 18

Indicates the maximum particle size that a stream can transport

Front 19

Delta

Back 19

Forms when a stream enters an ocean or a lake

Front 20

Natural levees

Back 20

Built by successive floods over many years when a stream overflows its banks onto the floodplain, the water flows over the surface as a broad sheet

Front 21

Alluvial Fan

Back 21

Fan shaped deposits are built from the accumulation of sediments deposited at the mouth of a valley that emerges from mountainous or upland area

Front 22

Regional Flood

Back 22

Rapid melting of snow in psring and heavy spring rains often overwhelm a rive

Front 23

Flash Flood

Back 23

Rapid rise in water levels and can have a devastating flow velocity

Front 24

Artificial Levees

Back 24

are earthen mounds built on the banks of a river to increase the volume of water the channel can hold

Front 25

Flood control Dams

Back 25

are built to store floodwater and then let is out slowly

Front 26

Unsaturated zone

Back 26

The area above above the water table that includes the capillary fringe and the zone of soil moisture

Front 27

Karst Topography

Back 27

Many areas of the world have landscapes that to a large extent have been shaped by the dissolving power of groundwater

Front 28

Glacier

Back 28

A thick ice mass that forms over hundreds or thousands of years

Front 29

Alpine/ Valley glaciers

Back 29

Confined to mountain valleys

Front 30

Continental Ice sheet

Back 30

Unconfined blankets ex: Antarctica or Greenland

Front 31

End Moraine

Back 31

A ridge of till that forms at the terminus of a glacier

Front 32

Lateral Moraine

Back 32

Ridges of till parallel to the sides of the valley

Front 33

Medial Moraine

Back 33

Created when two alpine glaciers coalesce to form a single ice stream

Front 34

Recessional Moraine

Back 34

The end moraines that were created as the ice front occasionally stabilized during retreat

Front 35

Jetties

Back 35

Usually built in pairs, extend into the ocean at the entrances to rivers and harbors

Front 36

Groins

Back 36

Is a barrier built at a right angle to the beach to trap sand that is moving parallel to the shore

Front 37

Breakwater

Back 37

The purpose of which is to protect boats from the force of large breaking waves by creating a quiet water zone near the shoreline

Front 38

Seawall

Back 38

Designed to armor the coast and defend property for the force of breaking waves

Front 39

Richter Scale

Back 39

Based on the amplitude of the largest seismogram, seismic waves weaken as the distance between the earthquake focus and the seismograph increases