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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cell division? |
the process by which a cell divides into 2 daughter cells |
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What is cytokinesis? |
the division of the cytoplasm during cell division |
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What is the cell cycle? |
the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
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What is mitosis? |
when the nucleus divides |
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What is a chromatid? |
one of tow identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
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What is cancer? |
a disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control cell growth |
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What happens when a normal cell becomes a cancer cell? |
The cell does not respond to the signals that regulate cell growth and loses control |
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What are gametes? |
sex cells |
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What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells? |
diploid- cell contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid- cell contains one single set of chromosomes |
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What happens when crossing over? |
homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads in meiosis I and exchanges portions of their chromatids. |
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When does crossing over occur? |
during meiosis |
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What is the purpose of meiosis? |
separating homologous chromosomes in diploid cells to reduce them to haploid cells |
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What are homologous chromosomes? |
chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent |
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When do homologous chromosomes separate? |
during meiosis II |
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What are sister chromatids? |
identical halves of a single replicated eukaryotic chromosome |
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When do sister chromatids separate? |
during meiosis II |
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When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible? |
mitosis |
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when pea plants were allowed to self pollinate and produced identical offspring, they would be |
true breeding |
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What is it when you have 2 different alleles for a trait? |
heterozygous |
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What is independent assortment? |
genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
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What is the result of meiosis? |
4 haploid cells |
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What are alleles? |
different forms of a gene |
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What is homozygous? |
having 2 identical alleles for trait |
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What is fertilization? |
when male and female cells join together |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
when one allele is not completely dominant over another |
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What is codominance? |
When both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
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What is probability? |
the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
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What is mitosis? |
the process results in the production of two genetically identical cells |
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What is the phenotype? |
the physical characteristic |
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What is the genotype? |
the genetic makeup |
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What determines traits? |
genes |
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What is a trait? |
a specific characteristic that varies from individual to individual |
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What is a Punnett Square? |
a diagram showing gene combinations from a genetic cross |
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What is a hybrid? |
the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
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What are multiple alleles? |
when genes have more than 2 alleles |
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what are polygenic traits? |
traits controlled by 2 or more genes |
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What is a tetrad? |
a corresponding chromosome pair |
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What is an example of codominance? |
specks |
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What is an example of incomplete dominance? |
red + white = pink |
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What is the principle of dominance? |
some alleles are dominant while others are recessive |
