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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Study of content, organization, function, and evolution of entire genomes |
Genomics |
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Genome sequencing: Type of sequencing involved in sequencing overlapping clones |
Map-based sequencing |
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Genome sequencing that theres less sequencing and no need to assemble genome, but takes a lot of time to order the clones |
Map-based sequencing |
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Type of genome sequencing where you sequence random fragments |
Shotgun sequencing |
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Type of genome sequencing where you assemble the sequenced fragments into a complete chromosome by identifying sequence overlaps |
Shotgun sequencing |
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Type of genome sequencing that requires more sequencing(10 genome equivalents) but no need to order clones |
Shotgun sequencing |
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What type of sequencing can "complete" a human genome in two days? Ethical issues arise in individual genome sequences. |
Next generation |
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Site in a genome where individual members of a species differ by a single base pair |
Single-Nuceltodie Polymorphism (SNP) |
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What has a 1/1000 bp between individuals, with 3 million differences in entire genome? |
SNP |
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What is linked to a disease-causing allele that tends to be inherited together(BRCA1 and BRCA2)? |
SNP |
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What involves the use of numerous SNPs to identify genes that're associated with certain diseases? |
Genomewide Association Studies (GWAS) |
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What involves the sequencing of non-cultured microbial communities to gain an understanding of types of bacteria living in a niche? |
Metagenomics |
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What is used once a genome is completed and is required to derive meaning from the sequence? |
Bioinformatics |
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In bioinformatics, what is identifying genes called? (ex: promoters, introns, exons, coding sequence, regulatory sites, etc) |
Annotation of the genome |
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Bioinformatics: Homology search of the ______ _______ data base to identify gene function based on amino acid sequence similarity. |
genomic sequence |
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What uses genomic approaches to study all of the gene products simultaneously? |
Functional Genomics |
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What analyzes the expression patterns of all genes simultaneously under various growth conditions, times during development, when a regulatory protein is mutated, etc? |
Transcriptome analysis |
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Microarray studies using ___ _____ measures RNA levels expressed from each gene |
gene chips |
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Variation in gene expression can be used to predict the recurrence of breast cancer is detected by what? |
Microarrays |
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Comparative Genomics -What are closely related genes called? |
Homologs |
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What has the same genetic locus inherited from a common ancestor(i.e. in different organisms)? |
Orthologs |
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What are genes that are related via gene duplication events (i.e. in the same organism)? |
Paralogs |
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Chimpanzee is the closest living relative to who? |
Humans |
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Human and chimpanzees last common ancestor was how long ago? (1% DNA sequence divergence) (Additional insertions and deletions are evident) |
6 million years |
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Humans and chimps have a total of how much sequence differences? |
3% |
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30% of all what are identical in sequence? |
Orthologous proteins |
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There are many prokaryotic _____ of unknown function. |
Genes |
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25% of genes in a bacterial genome don't have a what in other sequenced genomes? |
Homolog |
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What is the analysis of all proteins in a cell or organism? |
Proteomics |
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What uses mass spectroscopy to identify changes in protein levels under various growth conditions, or times during development, when a regulatory protein is mutated, etc? |
Proteome anlaysis |
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Proteome analysis is complementary to what but also identifies genes controlled at level of translation? |
Transcriptome |
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What is involved in running 2-D gel, cutting out spots of interest, determining protein mass with mass spec, and identifying protein form sequenced genome? |
Proteome analysis |
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What is repetitive DNA in genome? (45% of genome) |
transposable elements |
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Introns are much bigger than what? |
Exons |
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2% of genome codes for protein, because introns are much bigger than what? |
exons |
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No introns in what genes? |
Bacterial |
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What has 27,000 bp with 9 exons? |
Average gene |
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24,000 human genes About 3 alternative splicing pathways per gene on average, therefore the what is about 3x size of the genome? |
proteome |
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There are more human what than human genes? |
proteins |
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What characterizes the microbial communities found at several diff. sites on human body? (nasal passages, oral cavities, skin, etc) -analyzes role of these microbes in human health and disease |
human micro biome project |
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Most (90%) of cells in/on human body are what, not human? |
Microbial |
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What is the identification of many phenotypes associated with the inactivation of each gene? (Biolog; technology that scans biological proprieties of cells, tests 200 phenotypes, determines effect of genetic changes on cells, and determines effect of drug exposure on cells) |
Phenome (phenotypic) analysis |
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Where you have fragment DNA and ligate adaptors on ends, capture single DNA molecules on beads, PCR to amplify DNA on beads, use one bead per well, and finally sequence individual DNAs in wells(by using different dNTP's to see if it will correspond with unknown sequence nucleotide) |
(Next generation) High-throughput sequencing |