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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The genotypes BB and bb are __________, this means that both alleles are the SAME.
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homozygous
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DNA is located in the ___________, which is a structure in the nucleus of every cell. Each homan body cell has 46 of these. Sex cells have 23.
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chromosomes
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A genotype with one dominant allele and one recessive allele is called ______. THis means that the alleles are DIFFERENT.
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heterozygous
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The physical "look" of a trait is called a ___________.
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phenotype
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DNA is in the hromosome, a ______ is a section of DNA.
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gene
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Name the male and female sex cells.
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XY - male, sprem
XX - female, egg |
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Most cells in our body have 46 chromosomes, but sex cells have only 23...why do they only have half the number as other cells have?
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sex cells copy once and divide twice
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What is a Punnett Square used for?
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To organize the possible combinations of offspring
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Who is the first scientist to discover that traits were passed down from parent to offspring by studying pea plants in his garden?
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Mendel
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What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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mitosis makdes body cells w/ 46 chromosomes
meiosis makes sex cells w/ 23 chromosomes |
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What does a heterozygous genotype look like?
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There is a recessive gene and a dominant gene (uppercase & lower case)
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What does each letter in the genotype represent?
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a type of allele
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How do you know what your dominant traits are?
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By what you see, they are your phonotype
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What is the genetic code for a trait, Bb, BB, bb?
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Genotype
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What is the physical appearnace of a trait?
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Phenotype
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When both alleles of a gene are the same: BB, bb
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Homozygous
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When both alleles of a gene are different: Bb
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Heterozygous
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One set of intructions for an inherited trait
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Gene
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A Physical feature passed down from your parents.
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Trait
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What is the structure in the nucleus that contains the DNA?
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Chromosome
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One form of a trait given by one parent. Each parent gives one for each trait.
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allele
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Definition: Scienctists breed (have offsrping) two parents with traits they want the offpring to have (happens with breeding).
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Selective Breeding
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Definition: Changing genes with an organism to give it a trait needed for something else (happens in a lab)
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Genetic Engineering
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Definition: A change from what is normally expected
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Mutation
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Definition: A Chart that shows where a trait shows up in different generations of a family
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P)edigree
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Definition: Each allele has its own amount of influence
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Incomplete Dominance
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Definition:
A Change from what is normally expected in the DNA |
Mutation
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Definition:
A disorder located on an X chromosome in a male that shows up because there is not another copy to override it |
Sex-linked Disorders
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Give an example of Selective Breeding
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Breeding a poodle and a Labrador produces a Labradoodle
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Give an example of Genetic Engineering
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Taking genes from a firefly and placing them in a plant to make the plant grow
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Give an example of Incomplete Dominance
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Red and white flowers combining to make pink flowers
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Give an example of Mutation
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Someone born with 6 fingers.
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What is the difference between selective breeding and genetic engineering?
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Selective breeding requires two parents and happens with mating, genetic engineering happens in a lab.
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Why would a scientist want to alter the genetics of an organism?
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A scientist would want to alter the genetics of an organism so that it can have speficic traits.
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