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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Agent that can cause abnormalities in form, function, or both in an exposed fetus:
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Teratogen
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Name four factors that contribute to teratogenicity:
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Dose, Route, Gestational Timing, Concurrent Exposures, Susceptibility of Mother and Fetus
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What is the most sensitive period for a fetus?
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2-5 weeks after conception
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If the mother has this disease, the fetus has a 2-3X greater risk for congenital anomalies than the general population:
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Diabetes Mellitus I - only if the mother has poor diabetic control
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Name three of the congenital anomalies a fetus might have if the mother has uncontrolled diabetes:
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Congenital Heart Defects
Neural Tube Defects Caudal regression Femoral Hypoplasia Holoprosencephaly |
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Children of women with this untreated condition face a 75-90% risk for having microcephaly and mental retardation and an increased risk for prenatal growth retardation and congenital heart disease
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PKU
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If the mother has PKU, why is the fetus damaged?
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The damage to the fetus results from high maternal phenylalanine levels and not PKU in the fetus.
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.2-2% of all newborns are infected with this virus but only 10% show serious manifestations at birth and another 10% after birth
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CMV
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The greatest risk of this disease to the fetus is if the mother has a primary infection in the first 6 months of pregnancy:
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CMV
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This teratogen may cause microcephaly with encephalitis resulting in periventricular calcifications; mental retardation, spasticity, hypotonia, and seizures.
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CMV
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A later clinical manifestation of exposure to this teratogen is sensorineural hearing loss
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CMV
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This teratogen is used for acne seious craniofacial anomalies, CNS anomalies, cardiovascular defects, GU anomalies and thymic hypoplasia:
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Accutane
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This condition caused by teratogen exposure causes distinct facial features, prenatal onset growth deficiency, cognitive defects, microcephaly, occasionally major birth defects and coordination problems:
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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What are the three concerns for exposure to ionizing radiation?
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1. Teratogenesis
2. Mutagenesis 3. Carcinogenesis |
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Very high doses of this teratogen produce growth retardation, CNS damage (including microcephaly) and ocular defects:
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Ionizing radiation
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What is considered a safe teratogenic level of ionizing radiation:
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Below 5 rads is considered safe - only theraputic levels of radiation early in pregnancy are considered a risk for significant fetal anomalies
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With ionizing radiation, there is no threshold effect for formation of ________.
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Mutations
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Exposure to this teratogen causes IUGR, microcephaly, jaundice, and severe problems with vision, hearing loss and mental retardation:
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Cytomegalovirus
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This teratogen causes a genetic metabolic defect resulting in depletion of vitamin K clotting factors, and decreased folate absorption. Causes Fetal Hydantoin syndrome
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Phenytoin/Dilantin
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This teratogen can cause bone and tooth staining if used after 20 weeks:
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Tetracycline
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This teratogen can cause growth retardation, CNS damage (microcephaly), and ocular defects when fetal loss has not occured:
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Ionizing Radiation
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Slower dosage rates of this teratogen reduces the effect of the total dose:
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Ionizing radiation
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