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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Agent that can cause abnormalities in form, function, or both in an exposed fetus:
Teratogen
Name four factors that contribute to teratogenicity:
Dose, Route, Gestational Timing, Concurrent Exposures, Susceptibility of Mother and Fetus
What is the most sensitive period for a fetus?
2-5 weeks after conception
If the mother has this disease, the fetus has a 2-3X greater risk for congenital anomalies than the general population:
Diabetes Mellitus I - only if the mother has poor diabetic control
Name three of the congenital anomalies a fetus might have if the mother has uncontrolled diabetes:
Congenital Heart Defects
Neural Tube Defects
Caudal regression
Femoral Hypoplasia
Holoprosencephaly
Children of women with this untreated condition face a 75-90% risk for having microcephaly and mental retardation and an increased risk for prenatal growth retardation and congenital heart disease
PKU
If the mother has PKU, why is the fetus damaged?
The damage to the fetus results from high maternal phenylalanine levels and not PKU in the fetus.
.2-2% of all newborns are infected with this virus but only 10% show serious manifestations at birth and another 10% after birth
CMV
The greatest risk of this disease to the fetus is if the mother has a primary infection in the first 6 months of pregnancy:
CMV
This teratogen may cause microcephaly with encephalitis resulting in periventricular calcifications; mental retardation, spasticity, hypotonia, and seizures.
CMV
A later clinical manifestation of exposure to this teratogen is sensorineural hearing loss
CMV
This teratogen is used for acne seious craniofacial anomalies, CNS anomalies, cardiovascular defects, GU anomalies and thymic hypoplasia:
Accutane
This condition caused by teratogen exposure causes distinct facial features, prenatal onset growth deficiency, cognitive defects, microcephaly, occasionally major birth defects and coordination problems:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
What are the three concerns for exposure to ionizing radiation?
1. Teratogenesis
2. Mutagenesis
3. Carcinogenesis
Very high doses of this teratogen produce growth retardation, CNS damage (including microcephaly) and ocular defects:
Ionizing radiation
What is considered a safe teratogenic level of ionizing radiation:
Below 5 rads is considered safe - only theraputic levels of radiation early in pregnancy are considered a risk for significant fetal anomalies
With ionizing radiation, there is no threshold effect for formation of ________.
Mutations
Exposure to this teratogen causes IUGR, microcephaly, jaundice, and severe problems with vision, hearing loss and mental retardation:
Cytomegalovirus
This teratogen causes a genetic metabolic defect resulting in depletion of vitamin K clotting factors, and decreased folate absorption. Causes Fetal Hydantoin syndrome
Phenytoin/Dilantin
This teratogen can cause bone and tooth staining if used after 20 weeks:
Tetracycline
This teratogen can cause growth retardation, CNS damage (microcephaly), and ocular defects when fetal loss has not occured:
Ionizing Radiation
Slower dosage rates of this teratogen reduces the effect of the total dose:
Ionizing radiation