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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When a modification occurs to a gene or a chromosome that alters gene expression, but the expression is not permanently changed over the course of many generations
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Epigenetic Inheritance
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What are two major examples of epigenetic inheritance?
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X chromosome inactivation and DNA imprinting
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Human females have two x chromosomes are the both active?
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No one of the X chromosomes becomes highly condensed
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What is a highly condensed and mostly genetically inactive X chromosome?
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Barr Body
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Hypothesis that includes X- inactivation?
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Lyon Hypothesis
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On what day does X inactivation occur?
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16th Day
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Whether a particular X chromosome (paternal or maternal chromosome) is inactivated is random from?
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Cell to Cell
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What happens once a maternal or paternal X chromosome is inactivated in a cell what happens?
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All descendants of that cell inherit the same inactivation pattern
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Tortoiseshell cats are only seen in?
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Females
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What type of linked coat color allele?
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X- linked
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Tortoiseshell cat results because?
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Different X chromosomes are inactivated in adjacent patches of cells
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What was discovered in mice by Dr. Lyon?
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Random X- inactivation
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Its locus is on the X chromosome has 2 forms (A and B) that can be resolved by gel electrophoresis?
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Glucose 6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase
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When a segment of DNA is marked and that mark is maintained throughout the life of that individual?
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Genomic Imprinting
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What does genomic imprinting cause?
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Causes a non- Mendelian type of inheritance pattern
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When one of the alleles of a locus is expressed, not both?
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Monoallelic Expression
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What does DNA methylation usually inhibit?
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Transcription
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What can prevent binding of transcription factors?
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Methylation
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NOt all cytosines on the DNA are?
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Methylated
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What involves differentially imprinted regions (DMRs) that are located near the imprinted genes?
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Imprinting
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Where are the DMRs for specific genes methylated?
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In the oocyte or the sperm, but not in both
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What are two models used to explain gene imprinting?
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Direct DNA methylation and Enhancer competition
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In the human diseases Prader- Willi and Angelman syndromes what plays a role?
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Imprinting
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Characterized by a reduced motor function, obesity, and mental deficiencies?
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Prader- Willi Syndrom
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The patients are hyperactive, have unusual seizures and repetitive muscle movement?
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Angelma Syndromes
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Prader- Willi and Angelman Syndromes most commonly, involve deletion of the same region of what?
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Chromosome 15
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Angelman Syndrome is caused by a deletion from?
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Mom
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Prader- Willi syndrome is caused by a deletion from?
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Dad
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