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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trait |
variation of a particular character
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Genetics
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study of heredity
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Crossing Fertilization |
sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the eggs in the flower of a different plant
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Hybrid |
the offspring of two different true breeding varieties |
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Monohybrid Cross |
a pairing in which the parent plants differ in only one (mono) character |
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Allele |
alternative forms of genes |
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Homozygous |
two alleles are the same |
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Heterozygous |
two alleles are different |
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Dominant |
when only 1 of 2 alleles in an individual appears to effect the trait |
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Recessive |
the other allele that does not appear to effect the trait |
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Punnett Square |
the type of diagram that shows all possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
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Phenotype |
an observable trait |
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Genotype |
genetic makeup (or combination) of alleles |
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Test Cross |
breeds an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessible individual |
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Dihybrid Cross |
crossing organisms differing in two characters |
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Who was Gregor Mendel? |
"Father of Genetics" |
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What is a purebred? |
An organism that always produces an offspring with the same physical/genetic make-up |
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What is P Generation? F1 Generation? F2 Generation? |
Parent Generation Offspring from Parents Offspring from F1 |
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What's a gene? |
A portion of DNA that codes for specific protein(s) |
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Allele |
an alternative form of a gene found on a specific chromosome, you have 2 alleles for each gene, one from mom and dad |
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What's the Law of Dominance? |
An allele can be either dominant or recessive |
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What's Law of Segregation? |
Each gamete only donates one allele for each gene (mieosis) |
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What's the Law of Independent Assortment? |
Traits are inherited separately of one another (No two genes are linked) |
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What's probability? |
the likelihood an event will or will not occur |
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What is this an example of?
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Monohybrid Cross
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What is this an example of?
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Dihybrid Cross
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CoDominance |
when alleles of a heterozygote show "equal" dominance *both traits will be seen, not a blending |
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Multiple Alleles |
when there are more than two possible alleles for a gene |
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Epistasis |
an interaction of two or more genes to control a single phenotype |
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Polygenic Traits |
traits controlled by two or more genes |
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Autosomes |
our first 22 pairs of chromosomes |
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Sex chromosomes |
the 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine sex |
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Where are sex linked genes found? |
Sex chromosomes |
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Autosomal Inheritance (Lethal Alleles) |
traits not located on the sec chromosomes |
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Autosomal Recessive |
an equal number of males and females affected, it can skip generations |
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Autosomal Dominant |
One dominant allele can be fatal and lead to death, seen in every generation |
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Pedigrees |
char that helps track which members of a family express a trait |
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How to detemine in a pedigree if a trait is autosomal or sex linked? |
3 males : 1 female ratio Or all males and no affected females |
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How to determine in a pedigree if a trait is dominant or recessive? |
Dominant: One parent will have the trait and it will be visible in every generation
Recessive: Neither parent has to be affected and it can skip generations |
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Incomplete Dominance |
when alleles of a heterozygote blend together, neither allele is fully dominant over the other |
