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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do nucleotides consist of?
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Phosphate + Sugar + Base
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What are the purine bases?
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Adenine and guanine
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What are the pyrimidine bases?
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Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine
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In RNA the sugar is ____.
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Ribose
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In DNA the sugar is ______.
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Deoxyribose
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What are polynucleotides?
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Nucleic acids that are easy to spot the variations (high degree of regularity)
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Who discovered DNA as a molecule and in what year?
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Meischer in 1869
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Who came up with the DNA model and in what year?
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Watson and Crick in 1953
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What shape does DNA take?
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A double helix
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What is base pairing?
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A always opposite T and G always opposite C
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What is complementary?
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One chain will automatically specify the other chain
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What are the three types of RNA?
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Messenger RNA (m-RNA), Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA), and Transfer RNA (t-RNA)
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Which form of RNA has the highest molecular weight?
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Messenger RNA
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Is there more RNA or DNA in a cell?
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More RNA
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RNA is _____ stranded.
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Single (not a double helix)
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What are enzymes?
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Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, but aren't used up in a reaction. They are extremely active and specific
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What is the substrate?
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The molecule that an enzyme works on (enzymes are substrate specific)
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DNA->(_____)->RNA->(_____)->__
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Transcription, translation, protein
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What is replication?
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1. DNA double helix uncoils and opens up
2. each chain serves as a template 3. nucleotides line up on each chain 4. enzyme links the nucleotides together |
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What are triphosphate nucelotides?
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They are 3 phosphates that float in the nucleoplasm. They are the substrate for the reaction about to occur
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What is DNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase?
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An enzyme that requires DNA to start and makes DNA polymerase
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What is DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase?
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An enzyme that requires DNA to start and makes RNA polymerase
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During what phase does replication occur?
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S phase
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