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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thomas Morgan's hypothesis |
-All three genes are located on same chromosome
-Crossing over produces new combination of alleles -Likelihood of crossing depends on the distance between two genes. |
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Purpose for genetic maps
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-understand complexity & genetic organization of species
-Illustrates underlying basis for inherited traits of an organism -Clone and study gene in greater detail -Evolutionary studies -predict the liklihood that an offspring will get as given trait/disease -enhance selective breeding |
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Recombinant vs Non-recombinant
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-recombinant offspring have different combinations of alleles
-nonrecombinant offspring have the same combinations -crossing over during meiosis produces recombinant offspring -recombinant offspring are typically fewer in number than nonrecombinant |
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Procedure for trihybrid cross
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-cross two-breeding strains that differ with regard to three alleles
-perform a testcross -collect F2 data -calculate map distance between pairs of genes -construct genetic map |
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Viral genome
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-genetic material may be single stranded or double stranded
-genetic material may be DNA or RNA -size of genome may vary considerably |
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Covalent modification |
-acetylation
-methylation -phosphorylation |
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Mitochondrial DNA |
-small in animals -intermediate in fungi, algae and protists -large in plants |
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cpDNA |
genetic material in plants |
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Prader-Willi Syndrome |
-reduced motor function -obesity -mental deficiencies |
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Angelman Syndrome |
-hyperactivity -seizures -repetitive symmetrical muscle movements -mental deficiencies |
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Genetic material must have... |
-variation -information -replication -transmission |
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Nucleic structures |
-nucleotides form repeating units -nucleotides form a strand -two strands can form double helix -double helix folds, bends, and interacts with proteins |
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Nucleic components |
-phosphate group -pentose sugar -nitrogenous base |
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Base+sugar |
nucleoside |
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Base+sugar+phosphate |
nucleotide |
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Examples of nucleotides |
-Adenonsine monophosphate (AMP) -Adenonsine diphosphate (ADP) -Adenonsine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Nucleotides linked to |
phosphodiester bonds |
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Discoverers of double helix structure |
Watson and Crick |
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Double helix features |
-two strands twisted around common axis -10 bases -two antiparallel strands -right-handed |
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A-DNA |
-right handed -11 bp per turn -occurs in low humidity -little evidence to suggest biological importance |
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Z-DNA |
-left handed -12 bp per turn -may play a role in transcription and recombination |
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DNA Sequences necessary for... |
-synthesis of RNA and cellular proteins -replication of chromosomes -proper segregation of chromosomes -compaction of chromosomes
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# of base pairs in E. Coli |
4.6 million |
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Types of DNA sequences for segregation and replication |
-origins of replication -centromeres -telomeres |
