Genetics Exam 2

Front 1

What is Aneuploidy?

Back 1

Having more or fewer of any one chromosome

Front 2

Heterogametic?

Back 2

Human male

Front 3

Homogametic

Back 3

Normal human female

Front 4

Polyploidy

Back 4

Having extra sets of chromosomes

Front 5

Sex-influenced traits

Back 5

Traits expressed more often in one sex and are controlled by genes on the autosomes.

Front 6

Sex-limited traits

Back 6

Traits expressed in only one sex that are controlled by genes on the autosomes

Front 7

Sex-linked traits

Back 7

Traits expressed more often in one sex that are controlled by genes on the autosomes

Front 8

XO

Back 8

Male grasshopper sex-chromosome complement

Front 9

ZW

Back 9

Hen-sex chromosomes

Front 10

ZZ

Back 10

Rooser sex-chromosome complement

Front 11

In humans Red-green Color blindness is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait

Would an affected male be termed homozygous, heterozygous, or something else? If something else explain

Back 11

Hemizygous; because he only has one X whereas a female has 2 X's which can be XAXa (heterozygous) or XAXA/XaXa (homozygous)

note the Xa and XA's are both superscripts

Front 12

How does one distinguish between an inversion loop and a deletion loop in a karyotype

Back 12

All 4 chromatids in loop for Inversion
Only 2 chromatids in loop for deletion

Front 13

Describe the use of translocations in the evening primrose (Oenothera). Include the consequences and the advantages these give the species

Back 13

Oenothera uses Translocations to remain heterozygous. It is a selfer so will lose variation without this.

All chromosomes synapsis in large cross. They use alternate disjunction to make two sets of gametes. Set 1 fertilize set 2 = heterozygous for translocation. Have a lethal on set 1 & a lethal on set 2 -but on different homologous chromosomes. If set 1 fertilizes set 1 or set 2 fertilizes set 2 they will be terminated.

Front 14

Allopolyploidy

Back 14

Polyploidy produced by the hybridization of two species

Front 15

Aneuploid

Back 15

The condition of a cell or of an organism that has additions or deletions of whole chromosomes from the expected, balanced number

Front 16

Autopolyploidy

Back 16

Polyploidy in which all the chromosomes come from the same species

Front 17

Autosome

Back 17

Non-sex chromosomes

Front 18

Barr Body

Back 18

Heterochromatic body found in the nuclei of normal females, but absent in the nuclei of normal males

Front 19

Cis

Back 19

Referring to geometric configuration of mutants usually on the same chromosome

Front 20

Cis-trans test

Back 20

Test to see whether two mutations are true alleles or located in different genes

Front 21

Complementation

Back 21

Production of the wild-type pheyotype by a cell or organism that contains two mutant genes

Front 22

Epistasis

Back 22

The masking of the action of alleles of one gene by allele combinations of another gene

Front 23

Hemizygous

Back 23

Condition of loci on the X chromosome of the heterogametic sex of a diploid species

Front 24

Lethal

Back 24

An allele that causes mortality

Front 25

Map unit

Back 25

One percent recombination between two loci

Front 26

Modifier gene

Back 26

A gene that modifies the phenotype of another gene

Front 27

Nondisjunction

Back 27

Failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

Front 28

Phenocopy

Back 28

A phenotype that is not genetically controlled but looks like a genetically controlled phenotype

Front 29

Polyploid

Back 29

Organism with whole chromosome set greater than two

Front 30

What is the difference between pericentric and paracentric inversions

Back 30

Pericentric Inversions includes centromere
Paracentric Inversions does not include centromere

Front 31

What are the differences in meiosis and meiotic products from heterokaryotypes for paracentric and pericentric inversions if a crossover occurs in the inversion?

Back 31

Both frame deletions & duplications paracentric also has dicentric with a bridge and acentric