Genetics - Enzymes Block I

Front 1

Adenosine Deaminase

Back 1

Converts adenosine to inosine.

deficiency causes SCID

Front 2

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Back 2

1. attaches amino acid to an AMP to create a carboxylphophate bond.
THEN
2. attaches an amino acid to the 3' end of the tRNA on the 3'-carbon of that terminal adenylate.

Front 3

AP endonuclease

Back 3

repairs DNA damage by depurination.

It recognizes and excises the bad nucleotide.

Front 4

uracil-DNA glycosylase

Back 4

repairs DNA damaged by deamination of cytosine to uracil.

Hydrolyzes the uracil. Then AP endonuclease recognizes the empty site and initiates repair.

Front 5

pyrophosphatase

Back 5

keeps PPi low in cells - so DNAP won't go in reverse direction. Also supplies some energy for DNAP

Front 6

IMP dehydrogenase

Back 6

catalyzes IMP to GMP

***mycophenolic acid will inhibit this enz and cause build-up of AMP in lymphocytes which can cause immunosupression.

Front 7

nuclease

Back 7

hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids.

ex) mRNA hydrolyzes to an NMP

Front 8

nucleotide kinases

Back 8

make NTP's from NDP or NMP.

Front 9

nucleoside kinase

Back 9

make NMPs

Front 10

PRPP synthetase

Back 10

use ATP to put a pyrophosphate onto a ribose

Front 11

HGPRT

Back 11

kicks pyrophosphate off of PRPP and ADDS either a guanine bass or a hypoxanthine base.

*****Lesch-Nyhan if this is mutated.

Front 12

PyPRT

Back 12

kicks pyrophosphate off of PRPP and adds a pyrimidine.

Front 13

APRT

Back 13

kicks pyrophosphate off of PRPP and adds adenine

Front 14

ribonucleotide reductase

Back 14

makes deoxyribonucleotides from RNA

Front 15

Thymidine kinase

Back 15

makes useless dUMP into dTMP (needs folate to do this)