Genetics Chp 6 And 7

Front 1

Which of these is equal to 1,000,000 bases (or base pairs for double stranded DNA)?

Back 1

Megabase (Mb)

Front 2

A nucleoside is the same as a nucleotide missing which functional group?

Back 2

Phosphate

Front 3

A nucleoside is the same as a nucleotide missing which functional group?

Back 3

Phosphate

Front 4

Both DNA and RNA have the nitrogenous bases attached to this carbon of the ribose sugar:

Back 4

1'

Front 5

5' end of DNA ends in what functional group

Back 5

Phosphate group

Front 6

In both DNA and RNA, nucleotides in a chain are connected by

Back 6

phosphodiester bonds

Front 7

How many pairs of bases are there for every helical turn of DNA?

Back 7

10

Front 8

If 20% of a double stranded DNA sample is A, how much of that sample is T?

Back 8

20%

Front 9

If 20% of a double stranded DNA sample is A, how much of that sample is G?

Back 9

30%

Front 10

Proteins that interact with double-stranded DNA can make contact with the base pair by fitting:

Back 10

into either the major of the minor groove

Front 11

. The Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrated

Back 11

semiconservative replication

Front 12

. This kind of DNA replication is specific to circular DNA and is initiated by a single-strand cleavage at a specific site

Back 12

rolling circle replication

Front 13

The two strands of the replicating helix must make a full rotation to unwind each of the turns. What enzyme acts as a swivel to relieve this stress?

Back 13

gyrase

Front 14

. In DNA replication, after the RNA primer has been removed, the two precursor (Okazaki) fragments are covalently connected using this enzyme:

Back 14

DNA ligase

Front 15

Which protein unwinds the double stranded DNA in order to separate the parental strands into single stranded DNA?

Back 15

helicase

Front 16

DNA replication, this molecule is necessary to separate the two strands of DNA

Back 16

helicase

Front 17

In DNA replication, this enzyme provides an RNA primer

Back 17

primosome

Front 18

DNA synthesis proceeds in which direction?

Back 18

5’ to 3’, regardless of strand.

Front 19

. Which property distinguishes Pol I from Pol III?

Back 19

5’ exonuclease activity that removes the RNA primer

Front 20

The primary DNA polymerase necessary for replication in prokaryotes is DNA polymerase III (Pol III). What CAN'T it do?

Back 20

Remove the RNA primer with 5'-3' exonuclease activity

Front 21

The discontinuous pieces of DNA that are synthesized on the lagging strand are called

Back 21

precursor/Okazaki fragments

Front 22

DNA polymerases generally have a 3’ exonuclease activity that serves what function?

Back 22

proofreading

Front 23

When the double strands of DNA are separated by heat or chemical means it is known as

Back 23

denaturation

Front 24

the transfer of DNA from an electrophoresed gel to a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane is called a(n):

Back 24

southern blot

Front 25

Electrophoresis is used to separate DNA molecules according to their differences in mobility. For PCR products, what is the important feature of the DNA molecules that causes the difference in mobility?

Back 25

length

Front 26

Which of these is NOT a step in PCR?

Back 26

probing

Front 27

The difference between deoxyribose and dideoxyribose is that the ______ carbon missing an OH

Back 27

3'

Front 28

in PCR, which step is typically run at between 50 - 60° C?

Back 28

annealing

Front 29

In PCR, which step is characteristically run at 72° C (book says 70)?

Back 29

elongation

Front 30

DNA sequencing is facilitated with the use of:

Back 30

Dideoxyribose

Front 31

What do you call a non-essential DNA molecule in bacteria that are capable of replicating independently of the bacterial genome.

Back 31

plasmid

Front 32

. F factor, transposons and cassettes are all examples of:

Back 32

mobile DNA

Front 33

. The F factor is an example of a:

Back 33

conjugative plasmid

Front 34

. Both F factors and Hfr chromosomes are capable of replication via:

Back 34

rolling circle replication

Front 35

Which of these is an example of mobile DNA?

Back 35

IS element

Front 36

. A bacterial transposable element that possesses a gene unrelated to transposition, such as antibiotic resistance, is called a(n):

Back 36

transposon

Front 37

A bacterial insertion sequence typically carries a gene for

Back 37

Transposase

Front 38

. Bacteria can recombine two duplex (double stranded) DNA molecules using an enzyme, such as Cre, which is a(n):

Back 38

site-specific recombinase

Front 39

. A DNA element that encodes a site-specific recombinase as well as recognition region that allows recombination of other DNA sequences to be incorporated into this site is called a(n):

Back 39

integron

Front 40

In general, antibiotic resistant cassettes contain protein-coding regions but lack the ___________ sequences needed to initiate transcription.

Back 40

promoter

Front 41

. Over time, conjugative plasmids can accumulate transposons or integrons that confer antibiotic resistance. What are these called?

Back 41

R plasmids

Front 42

The transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via a phage is called:

Back 42

transduction

Front 43

A bacterial cell that has lost the ability to synthesize a compound necessary for its own growth?

Back 43

auxotroph

Front 44

A microbial strain capable of growing in a minimal medium that contains only a carbon source and inorganic compounds are called:

Back 44

phototrophs

Front 45

In bacterial genetics, a high frequency of cotransformation indicates that:

Back 45

2 genes are close together on a chromosome

Front 46

The transformation of bacteria with two genes on the same DNA fragment is called

Back 46

cotransformation

Front 47

Hfr cells are E. coli cells that have what incorporated into their chromosome?

Back 47

F factor

Front 48

A gene or a genetic mutation that allows for the growth of a cell in a selective medium is called a(n):

Back 48

selected marker

Front 49

The interrupted-mating-technique takes advantage of Hfr cells ability to insert genetic material into F- cells to create genetic maps. What unit of measurement is most commonly used to record the relative distances between genes using this technique?

Back 49

minutes

Front 50

The transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via a phage is called:

Back 50

transduction

Front 51

Some types of phages occasionally produce particles that possess no viral DNA but instead random pieces of host bacterial DNA. These are called:

Back 51

generalized transducing phages.

Front 52

In the presence of lytic phages, bacterial cultures develop:

Back 52

plaques

Front 53

The term “cistron” specifically refers to a(n):

Back 53

protein-coding segment of DNA.

Front 54

Which of these statements is true about the DNA of the lambda phage particle.

Back 54

It is linear and must be circularized in order to be incorporated into the host.

Front 55

Lambda DNA possesses cohesive ends, which aid in:

Back 55

circularization

Front 56

A lambda prophage will give its host cell immunity from other lambda phages because it possesses a gene for:

Back 56

a phage repressor protein.