Genetics Chapter 20

Front 1

Genomics

Back 1

the field of genetics that attempts to understand the content, organization, function, and evolution of genetic information contained in whole genomes

Front 2

Structural Genomics

Back 2

concerns the organization and sequence of genetic information contained within a genome

Front 3

Genetic Maps

Back 3

provide a rough approximation of the locations of genes relative to the locations of other known genes, based on the genetic function of recombination

Front 4

Physical Maps

Back 4

based on the direct analysis of DNA and they place genes in relation to distances measured in number of base pairs, kilobases, or megabases
-higher resolution and are more accurate

Front 5

Restriction Mapping

Back 5

restriction sites can be mapped by comparing DNA fragments produced by digestion with restriction enzymes used alone in various combinations

Front 6

Genome Sequencing Problems

Back 6

-only fragments (500-700 bp) can be sequences at a time
-must fragment genome into millions of small overlapping fragments
-how to order the fragments once sequenced

Front 7

Map-based Sequencing

Back 7

short sequenced fragments are assembled into a wholegenome sequence by first creating detailed genetic and physical maps of the genome, which provide known locations of genetic markers at regularly spaced intervals

Front 8

Whole-genome Shotgun Sequencing

Back 8

small-insert clones are prepared directly from genomic DNA and sequenced, examine overlap, they can be placed in plasmids which aresimple and easy to manipulate

Front 9

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Back 9

a site in the genome where individual members of a species differ in a single base pair

Front 10

Haplotype

Back 10

SNPs within a haplotype are physically linked and therefore tend to be inherited together

Front 11

Linkage Disequilibrium

Back 11

the nonrandom association between genetic variants within a haplotype

Front 12

Functional Genomics

Back 12

characterizes what the sequences do, identification of all the RNA molecules transcribed from a genome, called the transcriptome and all the proteins encoded by the genome, called the proteome

Front 13

Orthologs

Back 13

homologous genes found in different species that evolved from the same gene in a common ancestor

Front 14

Paralogs

Back 14

homologous genes in the same organism (arising by duplication of a single gene in the evolutionart past)

Front 15

Microarrays

Back 15

rely in nucleic acid hybridization, in which a known DNA fragment is used as a probe to find complementary sequences

Front 16

Reporter Sequences

Back 16

can be used to study the expression of a gene
-clone gene with its regulatory sequences -> replace coding region with reporter (GreenFluorescentProtein) -> insert into genome to create transgenic organism -> observe location of reporter