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21 Cards in this Set

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Describe incomplete dominance.

A heterozygous organism that is a BLENDING of the homozygous parents.


i.e. R’R’, MM’, F’F

How do you recognize incomplete dominance in a Punnett Square?

Two capital letters with one or two tick marks (‘) or prime marks.

Describe codominance.

Both alleles shown in a heterozygous organism.

i.e. BW

Describe simple recessive inheritance.

Only one phenotype. Have to have both alleles.

Describe dominant inheritance.

One phenotype. Always so in heterozygous.

i.e. BB, PP, WW

Describe inheritance patterns involving multiple alleles.

Complex patterns of inheritance have more than two phenotypes. Includes incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, sex-linked traits, and polygenic traits.

Describe polygenic inheritance and give examples.

The occurrence of one or more extra sets of chromosomes in triploid organisms (3n), wheat (6n), sugar cane (8n), and oats. (6n).

Common in plants.

Describe sex-linked traits and how they are inherited.

They are traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosomes. Inherited by X/linked traits. More common in males.

How can you recognize sex-linked traits in a pedigree?

Females are the carriers. Mainly affects the male sec. The traits can skip generations.

Give a human example of codominance.

Sickle-cell anemia.

Give a human example of multiple alleles.

Blood types (A, B, O)

Give a human example of sex-linked traits.

Red-green colour blindness.

Give a human example of polygenic inheritance.

Skin cancer.

What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes called?

Sex chromosomes.

Define the following:


Homozygous recessive


Homozygous dominant


Heterozygous


Carrier

Homozygous recessive: has two recessive alleles (rr)


Homozygous Dominant: has two dominant alleles (RR)


Heterozygous: has one dominant and one recessive allele (Rr)


Carrier: what carries a trait (X^H X^h)

What are most genetic disorders caused by?

Recessive traits

What must be true of an individual’s genotype for a dominant trait to be expressed?

Appears in every generation and one parent must have the trait in order for it to be passed down.

What must be true of an individual’s genotype for a recessive trait to be expressed?

It can skip generations. Parents may or may not have the trait. Both must have at least one recessive allele.

What is a pedigree and how is it used?

It is a diagram that traces inheritance of a trait through generations and shows relationships.

Define genotype and phenotype.

Genotype: organism allele pairs


Phenotype: observable characteristics that are expressed as a result of an allele pair

Fill in the table.

Blood Types: A, B, AB, O


Possible Genotypes:


I^A I^A, I^Ai


I^B I^B, I^Bi


I^A I^B


ii