• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/50

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Antiparallel
The chemical orientation of the two strands of a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule; the 5' to 3' orientations of the two strands are opposite one another
C-value Paradox
The observation that among eukaryotes, the DNA content of the haploid genome bears no consistent relationship to the metabolic, developmental, or behavioral complexity of the organism
Daughter Strand
A newly synthesized DNA or chromosome strand
Denaturation
The dissolution of the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins or nucleic acids. These changes may occur as a result of change in pH, temperature, exposure to air, or mechanical manipulation.
Dideoxyribose
A deoxyribose sugar that lacks the 3' hydroxyl group; when incorporated into a polynucleotide chain, it blocks further chain elongation
Dideoxy Sequencing Method
Procedure for DNA sequencing in which a template strand is replicated from a particular primer sequence and terminated by the incorporation of a nucleotide that contains dideoxyribose instead of deoxyribose; the resulting fragments are separated by size via electrophoresis
DNA ligase
An enzyme that catalyzes formation of a covalent bond between adjacent 5'P and 3' OH termini in a broken polynucleotide strand of double-stranded DNA
DNA Polymerase
Any enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from deoxynucleoside 5' triphosphates, using a template strand
Editing Function
The activity of DNA polymerases that removes incorrectly incorporated nucleotides; also called the proofreading function
5' End
The end of a DNA or RNA strand that terminates in a free phosphate group not connected to a sugar further along
Genome
The total complement of genes contained in a cell or virus; commonly used to refer to all genes present in one complete haploid set of chromosomes in eukaryotes
Gyrase
A type of toposiomerase II that cleaves and rejoins both strands of a DNA duplex to relieve torsional stress
Helicase
A protein that separates the strands of double-stranded DNA
Hydrogen Bond
A weak noncovalent linkage between two negatively charged atoms which a hydrogen atom is shared
Initiation
The process by which mRNA binds with ribosomes and other factors and protein synthesis begins
Kilobase (kb)
Unit of length of a duplex DNA molecule; equal to 1000 base pairs
Lagging Strand
The DNA strand whose complement is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately joined together
Leading Strand
The DNA strand whose complement is synthesized as a continuous unit
Megabase (Mb)
Unit of length of a duplex nucleic acid molecule; equal to 1 million base pairs
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
The formation of duplex nucleic acid from complementary single strands
Nucleoside
A purine or pyrimidine base covalently linked to a sugar
Nucleotide
A nucleoside phosphate
Parental Strand
Alleles present in an offspring chromosome in the same combination as that found in one of the parental chromosomes
Phosphodiester Bond
In nucleic acids, the covalent bond formed between the 5' phosphate group (5' P) of one nucleotide and the 3' hydroxyl group (3' OH) of the next nucleotide in line these bonds form the backbone of a nucleic acid molecule
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Repeated cycles of DNA Denaturation, renaturation
with primer oligonucleotide sequences, and replication, resulting in exponential growth in
the number of copies of the DNA sequence located between the primers
Polynucleotide chain
A polumer of covalent linked nucleotides
Precursor Fragment
Any of the short strands of DNA produced during discontinuous
replication of the lagging strand;
Primer
–In nucleic acids, a short RNA or single-stranded DNA segment that functions as
a growing point in polymerization
Primer
–In nucleic acids, a short RNA or single-stranded DNA segment that functions as
a growing point in polymerization
Primosome
–The enzyme complex that forms the RNA primer for DNA replication in
eukaryotic cells
Probe
A radioactive DNA and RNA molecule used in DNA-RNA and DNA-DNA
hybridization assays
Proofreading Function
The activity of DNA polumerases that removes incorrectly
incorporated nucleotides
Purine
–An organic base found in nucleic acids; the predominant examples are adenine
and guanine
Pyrimidine
are cytosine, uracil (in RNA only), and thymine (in DNA only)
Renaturation
The reestablishment of the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins or
nucleic acids after it has been destroyed by heat, exposure to air, or extreme pH values.
Replication Fork
In a replicating DNA molecule, the region in which nucleotides are
added to growing strands
Replication Origin
The base sequence at which DNA synthesis begins
Restriction Enzyme
A nuclease that recognizes a short nucleotide sequence (restriction
site) in a DNA molecule and cleaves the molecule at that site
Restriction Fragment
A segment of duplex DNA produced by cleavage of a larger molecule by a restriction enzyme
Restriction Map
A diagram of a DNA molecule showing the positions of cleavage by
one or more restriction endonucleases
Restriction Site
–The base sequence ay which a particular restriction endonuclease
makes a cut
Ribose
The Five-carbon sugar in RNA
RNA polymerase
An enzyme that makes RNA by copying the base sequence of a DNA strand
Rolling-circle Replication
A mode of replication in which a circular parent molecule produces a linear branch of newly formed DNA
Semiconservative Replication
The usual mode of DNA replication, in which each
strand of a duplex molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new
complementary strand, and the daughter molecules are composed of one old (parental)
strand and one newly synthesized strand
Single-Stranded DNA binding Protein (SSB)
A protein able to bind and stabilize single-stranded DNA
Southern Blot
A nucleic acid hybridization method in which after electrophoretic
separation, denatured DNA is transferred from a gel to a membrane filter and then
exposed to radioactive DNA or RNA under conditions of Renaturation; the radioactive
regions locate the homologous DNA fragments on the filter
Template
A strand of nucleic acid whose base sequence is copied in a polymerization reaction to produce either a complementary DNA or RNA strand
O replication
Bidirectional replication of a circular DNA molecule, starting from a
single-origin of replication
3' End
The end of a DNA or RNA strand that terminates in a sugar and so has a free hydroxyl group on the number-3’ carbon