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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Centimorgan or Map Unit
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distance between two linked gene pairs
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Coefficient of coincidence
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ratio of observed number of double recombinants to the expected number
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Cis conformation
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a heterozygote having two mutant sites within a gene, AA/aa
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Crossing over
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exchange of corresponding chromosome parts between homologs by breakage and reunion
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Crossover product
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meiotic product cells with chromosomes that have engaged in crossover
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DNA fingerprint
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banding pattern produced when DNA is digested with a restriction enzyme; Southern blot used to electrophorese; Not unique to each individual
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First division segregation pattern (M1)
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produced when the alleles go into separate nuclei at the 1st meiotic division, no crossover has taken place between the allele pair and centromere
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haplotype
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a cell having one chromosome set or an organism composed of such cells
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interference
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measure of the independence of crossovers from each other, calculated by subtracting the COC from 1
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linkage disequilibrium
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deviation in the frequency of haplotypes in a population from the frequency expected if the alleles at different loci are associated at random
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linkage map
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a chromosome map, based on recombinant frequencies
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linked genes
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two genes are on the same chromosome as deduced by recombinant frequencies less than 50 percent
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locus
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specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located
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Lod Score
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cumulative statistic that summaries evidence supporting a specific linkage value
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mapping function
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a formula expressing the relation between distance in a linkage map and recombinant frequency
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microsatellite marker
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a difference in DNA at the same locus in two genomes that is due to different repeat lengths of a microsatellite
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minisatellite marker
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heterozygous locus representing a variable number of tandem repeats of a unit 15 to 100 nucleotides long
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molecular marker
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sit of DNA heterozygosity, not necessarily associated with phenotypic variation, used as a tag for a particular chromosomal locus
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null hypothesis
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hypothesis that proposes no difference between two or more data sets
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octad
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am ascus containing eight ascospores, produces in species in which the tetrad normally undergoes a postmeiotic mitotic division
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physical map
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ordered and oriented map of cloned DNA fragments on the genome
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Poisson distribution
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gives the probability of observing various #s of a particular event in a sample when the mean probability of an event on any one trial is very small
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recombinant frequency
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proportion of recombinant cells or individuals
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recombination map
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chromosome map in which the positions of loci shown are based on recombinant frequencies
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restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP
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a difference in DNA sequence between individuals or haplotypes that is recognized as different restriction fragment lengths
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second division segregation pattern
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pattern of ascospore genotypes for a gene pair showing that the two alleles separate into different nuclei only at the second meiotic division, as a result of a crossover b/w the gene pair and its centromere, can be detected only in a linear ascus
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simple sequence length polymorphism SSLP
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existence in the population of individuals showing different numbers of copies of a short simple DNA sequence at one chromosomal locus
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single nucleotide polymorphism SNP
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nucleotide pair difference at a given location in the genomes of two or more naturally occurring individuals
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three point testcross
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testcross in which one parents has three heterozygous gene pairs
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trans conformation
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in a heterozygote with two mutant sites within a gene or gene cluster, a1 +/ + a2
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variable number tandem repeat (VNTR)
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chromosomal locus at which a particular repetitive sequence is present in different numbers in different individuals or in the two different homologs in one diploid individual
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