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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms.
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid: any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplast, containing along the strand a linear sequence of nucleotide bases that is complementary to the DNA strand from which it is transcribed
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Protein Synthesis
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the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes
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Semiconservative
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the replication of DNA that results in each new double stranded consisting of one strand from the original molecule
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Amino Acid
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any of a class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino
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mRNA
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messenger RNA.
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tRNA
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transfer RNA
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Transcription
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Where the DNA is copyed and read diffrently
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Translation
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A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
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Co-dominance
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A condition in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed thereby resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.
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Incomplete Dominance
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the appearance in a heterozygote of a trait that is intermediate between either of the trait's homozygous phenotypes.
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Allele
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any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation.
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Heterozygous
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having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic.
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Homozygous
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having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics.
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Recessive
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that one of a pair of alternative alleles whose effect is masked by the activity of the second when both are present in the same cell or organism.
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Dominant
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the one of a pair of alternative alleles that masks the effect of the other when both are present in the same cell or organism.
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Cloning
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a cell, cell product, or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which it was derived.
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Gene Therapy
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the application of genetic engineering to the transplantation of genes into human cells in order to cure a disease caused by a genetic defect, as a missing enzyme.
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Genetically Modified
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denoting or derived from an organism whose DNA has been altered for the purpose of improvement or correction of defects.
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Gel Electrophoresis
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a technique for separating protein molecules of varying sizes in a mixture by moving them through a block of gel, as of agarose or polyacrylamide, by means of an electric field, with smaller molecules moving faster and therefore farther than larger ones.
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Mutation
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a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome.
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Gene Mutation
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a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene
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Chromosomes Mutation
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any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism
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Point Mutation
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a change in a single base in a nucleotide sequence
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Frame-shift Mutation
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a mutation caused by frameshift.
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Nondisjunction
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the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division.
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Bioethics
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the study of typically controversial ethics brought about by advances in biology and medicine. It is also moral discernment as it relates to medical policy, practice, and research
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