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7 Cards in this Set

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bacterial
plasmid
bacteria (prokaryote from the monera kingdom). its genome is a single circular genome located in the nucleoid region (it does not have a nucleus). bacterial genome can also include additional small circular DNA rings (plasmids) which contain accessory genes.
episomes
plasmids capable of incorporating into the bacterial genome.
replication of bacterial genome
begins at a single origin of replication and proceeds in both directions, synthesized 5' to 3'.
bacterial cells reproduce by
binary fission; although it is asexual, obtain genetic diversity through conjugation, transformation, and transduction.
conjugation
sexual mating with pilus (conjugation bridge), through which replicated bacterial genome transferred from a bacteria with an F+ factor to one with or without an F factor. Once the recipient bacteria has copies of the genome, it can be readily recombined with that of the original. this bacteria has a high frequency of recombination (Hfr cell)
transformation
process by which a foreign chromosome fragment (plasmid) is incorporated into the bacterial genome.
transduction and gene mapping
fragments of bacterial chromosome accidentally becomes packaged into bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) and can infect other bacteria, thus transferring genes between bacteria. the closer the genes are to each other on the chromosome the more likely they will transduce together; this serves as a tool for gene mapping.