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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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scientific study of heredity
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Fertilization
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process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproduction cells join to form a new cell
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True-Breeding
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term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves it allowed to self-pollinate
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Trait
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specific characteristics that varries from one individual to another
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Hybrid
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offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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Gene
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sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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Allele
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one of a number of different forms of a gene
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Segregation
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seperation of alleles during gamete formation
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Gamete
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specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
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Pobability
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liklihood that a particular event will occur
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Punnett Square
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diagrams showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
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Homozgous
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term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
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Heterozygous
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term used to refer to an organism that has two different allels for the same trait
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Phenotype
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physical characteristics of an organism
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Genotype
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genetic makeup of an organism
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Independant Assortment
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independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
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Incomplete Dominance
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situation in which one allele is not completly dominant over another
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Codominance
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situation in which both alleles of a gene contribut to the pheontype of the organism
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Multiple Alleles
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three or more alleles of the same gene
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Polygenic Traits
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trait controlled by two or more genes
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Gene Map
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diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
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Karyotype
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set of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs
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Sex chromosome
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one ot two chromosomes that determines an individual's sex;females have two X chromosomes;males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
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Autosome
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autosomal chromosome;chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome
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Pedigree
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chart that shows the relationships within a family
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Sex-linked gene
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gene located on the X or Y chromosome
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Nondisjunction
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error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to seperate
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Human Genome Project
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ongoing effor to analyze the human DNA sequence
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