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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity |
the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
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Who performed experiments about traits? |
Gregor Mendel |
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The study of how traits pass from parents to offspring |
genetics |
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why were pea plants ideal for genetic studies? |
they reproduce quickly easily observed traits control which pairs reproduced |
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true-breeding plant self-pollinates... |
produces offspring with traits that match parents |
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cross-pollinating plant by man... |
Mendel selected which plants pollinated other plants |
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Aa-- second generation |
Hybrid
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AA, blocks another genetic factor |
Dominant
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aa, is blocked by dominant |
recessive |
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ratio ex: |
3:1 |
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A section on a chromosome that has genetic info for one trait |
gene |
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allele |
different forms of a gene |
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phenotype |
how the trait appears (physical appearance) ex: blonde hair |
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genotype |
two alleles the control the phenotype (ex: Aa) |
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what represents dominant traits |
uppercase letters |
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what represents recessive traits |
lowercase letters |
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SAME alleles |
homozygous (ex: aa) |
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DIFFERENT alleles |
heterozygous (ex: Aa) |
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what is a punnett square? |
a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes |
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What needs to be known to make a Punnett square? |
genotypes of both parents |
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what is a pedigree? |
a diagram that shows phenotypes of genetically related family members |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
when the offspring's phenotype is a blend of the parents' phenotypes (ex: pink flower blend of red and white) |
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co-dominance |
both alleles can be observed in a phenotype (ex: red flower with white spots) |
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What is polygenic inheritance? |
when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait |
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Besides genes, what can also affect phenotypes? |
environment |
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monohybrid |
a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene. |
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dihybrid |
a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes. |
