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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Alleles |
An alternative form of a gene. |
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Bases |
The units that make up a genetic code (A-T, G-C) |
ATGC |
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Chromosomes |
Threadlike structure made of DNA that contains genes |
DNA GENES |
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Competition |
A contest between individuals or groups for resources |
Contest |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical genes are made of |
Chemical |
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Dominant |
An allele that will always be expressed whether one or two are present (eg: Tt, TT will both result in a dominant trait) |
Always expressed |
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Double helix |
The structure/shape that DNA molecules form |
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Endangered |
A population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct |
At risk |
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Evolution |
Changes in the inherited traits of a population throughout time |
Changes population |
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Extinct |
The end (total death) of a species. |
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F1 generation |
The first generation of offspring from a breeding pair (ie: the children) |
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F2 generation |
The second generation of offspring (ie: grandchildren) |
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Fertilization |
The fusion of a sperm and an egg resulting in a zygote |
Fusion |
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Fossil |
The preserved remains of animals, plants, and other organisms |
Preserved remains |
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Gametes |
Sex cells (sperms or eggs) |
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Genes |
The length of DNA that codes for a particular trait for a protein |
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Genotype |
The two alleles an organism possesses for a trait |
Possesses |
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Genotype ratio |
The proportion of genotypes found after a cross (eg: 1TT:2Tt:1tt) |
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Heterozygous |
The alleles for a trait are different (eg: Tt) |
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Homologous chromosomes |
A pair of chromosomes, one from each parents, that are the same length, same size, and contains the same genes. |
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Homozygous |
The two alleles for a trait are identical (eg: TT, tt) |
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Meiosis |
Cell division for the production of six cells (gametes) |
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Mutation |
Permanent changes to the genetic material (DNA/RNA) of a cell |
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Natural selection |
The process by which traits become more or less common in a population due to differences in survival and/or reproductive success |
More or less common |
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Pedigree chart |
A chart of all known phenotypes for an organism and it's ancestors |
Ancestors |
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Phenotype |
The appearance or physical expression of a trait (eg: blue eyes) |
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Phenotype ratio |
The proportion of phenotypes found after a cross (eg: 3tall:1short) |
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Pure breading |
A pure breading organism is homozygous for the desired trait (eg: TT, tt) |
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Recessive |
An allele which is only expressed if the organism contains two copies (eg: tt will express a recessive trait) |
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Reproductive success |
The number of fertile off springs produced by an individual |
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Sex chromosomes |
Males have an X and a Y, Females have an X and an X chromosomes |
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Test cross |
A mating process used to determine an unknown genotype |
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