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32 Cards in this Set

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Alleles

An alternative form of a gene.

Bases

The units that make up a genetic code (A-T, G-C)

ATGC

Chromosomes

Threadlike structure made of DNA that contains genes

DNA GENES

Competition

A contest between individuals or groups for resources

Contest

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical genes are made of

Chemical

Dominant

An allele that will always be expressed whether one or two are present (eg: Tt, TT will both result in a dominant trait)

Always expressed

Double helix

The structure/shape that DNA molecules form

Endangered

A population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct

At risk

Evolution

Changes in the inherited traits of a population throughout time

Changes population

Extinct

The end (total death) of a species.

F1 generation

The first generation of offspring from a breeding pair (ie: the children)

F2 generation

The second generation of offspring (ie: grandchildren)

Fertilization

The fusion of a sperm and an egg resulting in a zygote

Fusion

Fossil

The preserved remains of animals, plants, and other organisms

Preserved remains

Gametes

Sex cells (sperms or eggs)

Genes

The length of DNA that codes for a particular trait for a protein

Genotype

The two alleles an organism possesses for a trait

Possesses

Genotype ratio

The proportion of genotypes found after a cross (eg: 1TT:2Tt:1tt)

Heterozygous

The alleles for a trait are different (eg: Tt)

Homologous chromosomes

A pair of chromosomes, one from each parents, that are the same length, same size, and contains the same genes.

Homozygous

The two alleles for a trait are identical (eg: TT, tt)

Meiosis

Cell division for the production of six cells (gametes)

Mutation

Permanent changes to the genetic material (DNA/RNA) of a cell

Natural selection

The process by which traits become more or less common in a population due to differences in survival and/or reproductive success

More or less common

Pedigree chart

A chart of all known phenotypes for an organism and it's ancestors

Ancestors

Phenotype

The appearance or physical expression of a trait (eg: blue eyes)

Phenotype ratio

The proportion of phenotypes found after a cross (eg: 3tall:1short)

Pure breading

A pure breading organism is homozygous for the desired trait (eg: TT, tt)

Recessive

An allele which is only expressed if the organism contains two copies (eg: tt will express a recessive trait)

Reproductive success

The number of fertile off springs produced by an individual

Sex chromosomes

Males have an X and a Y, Females have an X and an X chromosomes

Test cross

A mating process used to determine an unknown genotype