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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the complementation test used for
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determining if a mutation is on a single gene or a separate genes
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complementation test: offspring is wildtype
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mutation is on different genes (mutations complement one another)
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complementation test: offspring is mutant
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mutation is on same gene
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what is meant by gene interaction
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when two or more genes affect the same phenotype
(when genes don't interact, they affect phenotype distinctly, utilizing their own pathways) |
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what type of cross do we use to detect interaction between genes
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dihybrid cross
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how many phenotypes will be present when genes DO NOT interact
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4 phenotypes (9:3:3:1)
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how many phenotypes will be present when genes DO interact
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fewer than 4
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how many pathways will genes that DO NOT interact have
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2 or more (separate)
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how many pathways will genes that DO interact have
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one, singular pathway
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what are 2 distinctions of 9:7 ratio
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-genes interact in same pathway
-mutations in either gene disrupts pathway and causes same mutation |
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what distinction can be made from 9:3:4 ratio
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recessive epistasis
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what distinction can be made from 12:3:1 ratio
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dominant epistasis
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what is epistasis
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mutant alleles at one gene can override the effect of the mutant alleles at another gene
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which is epistatic and hypostatic
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epistatic: overrides
hypostatic: overriden |
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define pleiotropic mutations
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mutations that affect multiple phenotypes or features (hair color, height, eye color)
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define penetrance (and incomplete penetrance)
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-proportion of individuals given genotype that express expected phenotype (incomplete: failure to show phenotype)
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define expressivity
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degree to which genotype is expressed in the phenotype
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