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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell cycle
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interphase, mitosis/meiosis
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interphase
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G0 (resting), G1 (cell growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (cell growth)
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mitosis/meiosis
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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prophase
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early- DNA condenses, late- nuclear envelope breaks up
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up (DNA tightly compact, can be visualized)
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anaphase
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microtubules contract, chromatids separate
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telophase
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nuclear membrane reforms
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mitosis
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cell division where chromosome number does not change
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meiosis
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sperm/ova formation, gametes contain 1 copy of each chromosome
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chromosome
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2 chromatids joined at centromere, have telomeres at ends, short + long arm
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metacentric
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centrosome at center
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submetacentric
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centrosome off center
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acrocentric
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centrosome at end
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allosome
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chromosomes that defines gender of organism (sex chromosomes)
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autosome
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not allosomes
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sex determining systems
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XXf/XYm (mammals), XXf/X0m (insects), ZWf/ZZm (birds), temp dependent (reptiles)
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SRY gene
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on y chromosome, determines sex in mammals, sry TF turns on SRY gene, turns on SOX9 gene, controls male development
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aneuploidy
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abnormal chromosome number (due to non-disjunction in anaphase)
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euploidy
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correct number of chromosomes
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monosomy
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lacking 1 chromosome of a pair
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disomy
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2 copies of a chromosome (NOT euploidy)
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trisomy
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3 copies of a chromosome
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tetrasomy
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4 copies of a chromosome
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nondisjunction in allosomes
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turner syndrome (X0), Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
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abnormal chromosome structure
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translocation, deletions, inversions
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chiasma
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breaking of chromosomes during synapse, can cause rearrangement of regions of non-homologous chromosomes
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