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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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somatic cells
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all cells but sperm and egg in these cells, mitosis occurs
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Gametes
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sex cells that form special cells called germline cells through meiosis; gametes contain 23 different chromosomes so they are haploid
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Homologous chromosomes
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similar in size, shape, and presence of genes
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karyotype
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taking chromosomes, photographing, cutting them out, and putting them where they're supposed to be
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chromosomes
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each cell has 46; they exist in pairs (23 total) - one comes from each parent
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alleles
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the different ways that genes are expressed
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human diploid #
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46
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human haploid # (monoploid)
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23
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Down syndrome
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caused by an extra chromosome 21
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autosomes
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first 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes
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homozygous
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when alleles are the same
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heterozygous
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when alleles are different
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phenotype
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the way a person looks physically
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genotype
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a person's genetic makeup
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Tay Sachs disease
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autosomal recessive disease, effects nervous system, predominantly in people of Eastern European/Jewish descent
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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codominant blood disorder, abnormally shaped blood cells, predominantly in people of African American descent
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Huntington's disease
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autosomal dominant gene, neurological problems, loss of muscle control, change in personality
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