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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when was the human genome sequence completed
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2001
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when genome was completed, what was significant about the number of base pairs for each class of animals
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mammals had relatively the same number (3.0 Gb)
insects had significantly less |
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what is capillary sequencing, how is it different than Sanger method
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each ddNTP is given a fluorescent color to make reading the results faster and easier, laser reads the dye color where the sequence terminated
-only one reaction mixture is needed compared to 4 for Sanger |
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what are the advantages for the Sanger method compared to capillary sequencing
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cheaper, more accurate for small fragments, primers
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what are the 3 steps for BAC shotgun sequencing
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1. genome is broken into smaller pieces
2. pieces ligated into vectors called BACs, and amplified in host cell 3. each piece sequenced separately as "shotgun" then assembled with rest of genome |
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what are EST projects
-advantages (3) -disadvantages (3) |
short, single reads of cDNA
-shows genes of interest, identifies genes and SNPs and splices, genome sequence not needed -high error rates, bias, difficult to tell when 2 ESTs are derived from the same gene |
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what were the 2 companies that sequenced the genome together
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HGP (publicy funded)
Celera (private company by Craig Venter) |
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what did Celera do that was significant during the Human Genome Project
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-used whole genome shotgun sequencing (overlapping sequencing)
-sought patents for the discovery of genes, while led to UC Santa Cruz (and other public competitors) to finish the first draft before Celera and publish it -Pres. Clinton declared that the Human Genome could not be patented -Celera refused to deposit its data in the unrestricted public database |
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how many genes do humans have compared to worms, fly
-significance? |
same number
-but human genes are more complex due to alternative splicing creating more protein products |
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which are more complex, vertebrates or invertebrates
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vertebrates due to vertebrate specific domains/motifs
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what are SNPs
-why are they significant |
single nucleotide polymorphisms; single base pair changes in the DNA sequence that occur in about 0.1% of genes
-make individuals different from each other |
