Genetics 12

Front 1

define population

Back 1

group of individuals that actually or potentially mate in order to make the next generation

Front 2

define population genetics

Back 2

causes and consequences of genetic variation within a species

Front 3

define polymorphism

Back 3

more than 1 allele observed at a single gene

Front 4

define allozymes; how can they be distinguished

Back 4

-protein variants differ at one or more amino acids
-gel electrophoresis (if nonsynonymous codon change results in protein variants that differ in charge)

Front 5

define single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Back 5

single base pair differences

Front 6

define microsatellites

Back 6

repetitions of base pairs

Front 7

what are the 3 causes of neutral polymorphisms

Back 7

1. sequence changes in intergenic regions or codons
2. synonymous changes in protein coding sequence
3. nonsynonymous changes that replace an amino acid with a chemically similar one

Front 8

what are the 6 assumptions under HW equilibrium

Back 8

-random mating
-no selection
-no mutation
-no migration
-large population size
-no random events

Front 9

what are the 3 types of non-random matings

Back 9

-positive (bias towards phenotypically similar)
-negative (bias towards phenotypically different)
-inbreeding (bias towards relatives)

Front 10

what effects do inbreeding and positive assortative mating have on genotypes

Back 10

increase homozygosity
(for inbreeding/selfing, heterzygosity reduces by 50%)

Front 11

what is fitness; assumption in HW

Back 11

avg # of offspring produced by an individual
-fitness is equal for each genotype

Front 12

define w<1; w = 1; w>1

Back 12

-declining population
-stable population
-growing population