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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Recombinant DNA
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(see notes sheet)
how to make it: bacterium-take out plasmid-insert isolated DNA from human-put the plasmid back in the human-multiply=gene of interest WHY USEFUL?? -produces medicine -diagnose diseases -vaccines (maybe edible) |
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Restriction enzymes
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used to cut genes in the exact same spot in diff. organisms
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Gel electrophoresis
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used in :
-crime -paternity -disease/mutations smallest fragments run fartherest down DNA has a negative charge |
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DNA fingerprinting
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when you identify someone by anylyzing thier DNA
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Transgenic animals
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an animal that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA.
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Genetically modified foods
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(rice) very controversial
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Cloning (SCNT)
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reproductive/theraputic
clone=member of a population of genetically identical cells produced by a single cell **not necessarily transgenic(containing genes from other organisms) (see notes for diagram) |
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Therapeutic/ Reproductive
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reproductive-entire organism
theraputic-specialized cells |
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Stem cell therapy
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stem cells are unspecifized cells that can be made to any job in the body, they can be used to create needed body substances. controversial--are the cells living? is it right to alter them?
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Gene therapy
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(replace certain cells)
-manipulate DNA in order to treat individuals with genetic disorders 1. genetically engineer a virus w/ the wanted DNA 2. expose mutated cells to "good virus 3. inject cells back into human controversy: cna it be controled? cause cancer? who has access?? |
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PCR
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amplify DNA
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Antigen
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a substance that prompts the production of antibodies
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Antibody
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used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses
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Specific Defense
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-distinguishes between microbes
*lymphosite (WBC) *build up army |
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Non Specific Defense
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when a white blood cell(defense) does not distinguish between microbes
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Inflammatory Response
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the second line of defense: pain, swelling, dialation of blood vessels. white blood cells destroy+clean
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Pathogens
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any disease-producing agent
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Vaccine
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a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease
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Self vs. non self markers
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self markers let the white blood cells know that the cells are of the body, and shouldn't be attacked, visa versa
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