Genetic

Front 1

Purines

Back 1

double ringed bases
(adenine, guanine)

Front 2

pyrimidines

Back 2

singled- ringed bases
(cytosine,thymine)

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mRNA

Back 3

messenger RNA
- it reads the instructions from the DNA in the nucleus and then leaces the nucleus through a nuclear pore and travels to a ribosome.

Front 4

tRNA

Back 4

transfer RNA
- it brings the amino acids to the mRNA linking them together to make a protien.

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rRna

Back 5

ribosomal RNA
- it is what makes the ribosomes in the nucleolus and then the ribosome will go to the nucleoplasm and exit through the nuclear pore.

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"code for life"

Back 6

the DNA that is located in the nucleus.

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histones

Back 7

proteins that let the strand keep its shape

Front 8

polymerase

Back 8

enzyme that helps each nucleotide to pair with its complimentary base pairing.

Front 9

Purines

Back 9

double ringed bases
(adenine, guanine)

Front 10

pyrimidines

Back 10

singled- ringed bases
(cytosine,thymine)

Front 11

mRNA

Back 11

messenger RNA
- it reads the instructions from the DNA in the nucleus and then leaces the nucleus through a nuclear pore and travels to a ribosome.

Front 12

tRNA

Back 12

transfer RNA
- it brings the amino acids to the mRNA linking them together to make a protien.

Front 13

rRna

Back 13

ribosomal RNA
- it is what makes the ribosomes in the nucleolus and then the ribosome will go to the nucleoplasm and exit through the nuclear pore.

Front 14

"code for life"

Back 14

the DNA that is located in the nucleus.

Front 15

histones

Back 15

proteins that let the strand keep its shape

Front 16

polymerase

Back 16

enzyme that helps each nucleotide to pair with its complimentary base pairing.

Front 17

DNA replication

Back 17

-the process by which DNA produces an exact copy of itself, it occurs during the S phase of interphase.
1. DNA unwinds
2. DNA unzips; bases no longer attached
3.Complimentary Base pairing and this is when free nucleotide floating in the nucleoplasm will bond to bases they pair up with; the result is two exact copies of DNA; each DNA molecule has an one strand(template) from the original DNA molecule and a new strand that was made during base paring.

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genetic expression

Back 18

dna-mRNA-ribosome-tRNA-amino acids-polypeptide chain-protein

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transcription

Back 19

during transcription the mRNA reads the DNA and it is assembled into a single strand and then the mRNA is released from the DNA by an enzyme and it will leave the nucleus through a nuclear pore looking for a chromosome.

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translation

Back 20

during translation the mRNA atataches to a ribosome and translation will begin. the tRNA will bring the amino acids to the mRNA putting them in the correct order to make a protein.

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codon

Back 21

sequence of three bases located on the mRNA that code for amino acids

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anticodon

Back 22

sequence of three bases located on the tRNA that totes and brings amino acid to the site.

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Gregor Mendel

Back 23

the father of genetics

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law of segregation

Back 24

states that during meosis the alleles that control each trait seperate and only one allele from each parent is passed to offspring.

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self pollination

Back 25

when the pollen of one plant fertilizies the ovaries of another plant

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cross pollination

Back 26

when the pollen of one plant fertilizies the ovaries of another plant

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allele

Back 27

represents a variation of a trait; the alleles makeup of the gene;we use letters to represent the alleles

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dominate

Back 28

trait that shows up

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recessive

Back 29

trait that is covered by the dominate trait

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locus

Back 30

refers to a location of a gene on a chromosome.

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genotype

Back 31

it is the paring of two alleles

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phenotype

Back 32

it is the expression of the genotype

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somate

Back 33

body cell

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gamete

Back 34

sex cell

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diploid

Back 35

2n
example body cells 2(23)=46

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haploid

Back 36

1n
all sex cells are said to be haploid

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hybrid

Back 37

offspring from parents that were each true bread from different form of the trait

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heterozygous

Back 38

combination of two different alleles (one dominant one recessive)Phenotype is always dominate.

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homozygous

Back 39

made up of two dominat alleles (2 capital letters) Phenotype is always dominant

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probability

Back 40

the chance of something happening
chance HAS NO memory

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incpmplete dominance

Back 41

neither allele is dominant over the other and when the alleles are combined in a heterozygous genotype, a new phenotype is expressed. the phenotype will be a blended combition of the two homozygous

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codominance

Back 42

neither allele is dominant over the other. when the alleles are combined in the heterozygous genotype both traits are expressed separately

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multiple alleles

Back 43

this type of inheritance is when more than two alleles control one gene

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polygenic

Back 44

this is when a trait is controlled by more than one gene

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meisosis

Back 45

other type of cell division that produces gametes

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tetrad

Back 46

homologous chromosomes

Front 47

crossing over

Back 47

the exchange of the alleles during meosis

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karyotype

Back 48

used to identify the sex of an individual and a disorder of a non disjunction

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autosomes

Back 49

other 22 pairs
all similar in size and shape

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sex chromosome

Back 50

1 pair

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pedigree

Back 51

chart used to trace traits or disorders in families

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carrier

Back 52

an induvidual that does not have the disorder but is carrying a recessive allele that can be passed to the offspring to the offspring

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Watson & crick

Back 53

identified the structure of DNA as the double helix in 1953

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DNA fingerprinting

Back 54

can be used to determine whether blood, sperm, or other material left at a crime scene matches DNA from a suspect. NO two people have the same DNA fingerprinting

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disorders caused by recessivee

Back 55

missing a specific enzyme that breaks down amino acids caused by a missing proteins that breaks down lipids

Front 56

disorders caused by dominant

Back 56

lethal

Front 57

disorders caused by sex linked

Back 57

female is often carrier

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disorders caused by nondisjunctiom

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misstake in meosis

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monosomy

Back 59

missing chromosome resulting in zygote with 45 chromosomes

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trisomy

Back 60

extra chromsome resulting with zygote with 47 chromosomes

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human genome project

Back 61

it was completed in June 2000. every gene was mapped out on every human chromosomes
it took 13 yrs`

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gene therapy

Back 62

an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a noraml, working gene. A singke isolated gene can be clones most rapidly using genetically engineered bacteria

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homologus chromosomes

Back 63

easch of all four chromosomes that came form thr male parent has a corresponding chromosome the female parent.1

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mutation

Back 64

a change in the DNA

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DNA

Back 65

-ONE TYPE
-DOUBLE-STRANDED
-DEOXYRIBOSE
-STAYS IN NUCLEUS

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RNA

Back 66

-THREE TYPES
-SINGLE STRANDED
-RIBOSE
-CAN LEAVE NUCLEUS

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CHROMOSOME

Back 67

CARRY GENES IN ORDER