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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Karyotype
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a visual look at your genes
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Human Genome Project
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to map all the genes of the human chromosomes
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Gene
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a section of DNA
function-one gene produces protein |
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DNA
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A specific sequence of nucleotides-3 make up a triplet which now has a specific meaning
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Mutation
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Change in the sequence of nucleotides
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Mutagen
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A condition that causes a mutation Example:radiation, UV light
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Teratogen
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A condition that causes a change in the fetus or embryo
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Carcinogen
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Cancer causing agent
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Oncogene
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A gene that causes cancer
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Oncologist
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Someone that studies cancer
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How many different genes are there?
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25,000-30,000
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Chromosome
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A DNA molecule wrapped in proteins
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Haploid
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Half of a full set in one cell (23)
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Diploid
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Pairs of each chromosomes in one cell (46)
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Homologous Chromosomes
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Chromosome #1 from mom is homologous to chromosome #1 from dad, they are for eachother
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Autosomes
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22pairs, chromosomes that deal with all of the body except gender
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Sex Chromosomes
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#23 deals with gender
X-has more genes than Y and tells to develop testes and penis Y-tells to develop ovaries and vagina SRY Gene |
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Allele
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Various forms for a specific gene Example: hair color
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Genotype
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the actual genetic makeup, the nucleotide sequence of that gene
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Phenotype
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The expression, interaction between genotype and the environment, its what you actually see
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Homozygous
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the alleles are the same allele from mom and dad-black hair
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Heterozygous
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the alleles are different from mom and dad-black hair and blond hair
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Dominant traits
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Cover up the recessive traits-brown eyes
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Recessive trait
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a trait covered by the dominant trait, blue eyes are recessive, you only get blue eyes when both alleles are blue
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Trisomy 21
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downs syndrome-3 copies of chromosome 21
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Microorganisms
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Virus
Bacteria Fungi Nematodes |
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Virus
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inside the cell, a protein coat that surrounds RNA or DNA
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Bacteria
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single celled organisms, in the interstitial spaces
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Shape of Bacteria
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Rods-anything thats a bacilia-ecoli
Spehere-coccus-ghonnacoccus Spiral-Spirocheates, lyme disease |
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Gramm Stain
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if the coat can stain with gramm stain then its positive if not then its negative
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Fungi
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on surface of the body
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Nematodes
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multicellular, worms that burrow through tissue
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Normal flora/fauna
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have to have them to live healthy
they take up space on every surface of the body especially ones that are wet |
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Symbiosis
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2 or more organisms living close together
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Mutualism
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When 2 or more organisms live together and all of them benefit
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Parasitic
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one benefits but the others are harmed, often termed as a pathogen
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Pathogen
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something that causes disease they look for nutrients to reproduce
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Population
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it becomes so great that it causes a disease
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Infectious Disease
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A disruption in the normal phisology caused by an organism invading the body. Have to pass from one person to the next
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Vector
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The way that the disease is passed from one host to another, best way is the respiratory system
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Air
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when someone sneezes it can contain bacteria, then you breathe in that bacteria
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Water
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Ecoli can live in water but we treat it so we dont get sick
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Host to host
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physical contact, sexual contact or bodily fluids, transfer from blood or feces example, when you have an open cut and blood gets into it or when you have touched something and then eat food
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Asymptomatic
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host that is not showing symptoms but they can still pass the pathogens example-HIV
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Different Infectious Diseases
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STD's-HIV
TB Hepatitis-inflammation of liver Measles mumps chickenpox smallpox Scarlet fever Anthrax-biological warfare-respiratory system Memigitis-infection of the menges-spinal/cranial Flu,Viral, bacterial-stomach |
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VRE-Vancolnycin Resistant Enterococcus
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a facultative pathogen we cant fight the disease very well but antibotics help to get rid of most of them
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MRSA-Methycillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
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a facultative pathogen, one of the flesh eating bacteria in our population, can happen outside of hospitals
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Facultative Pathogen
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a pathogen that if it gets the opportunity then it will cause a disease
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Obligate
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Causes disease-TB, Measles, mumps
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