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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speculators
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Held back stocks of grain until people were desperate, then charged a lot
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Bubonic
Pneumonic Buba |
Flea transmits
Humans transmit Boil |
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Nationalism
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Feeling of unity and identity that binds together a people
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Merchet
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Fine to lord for woman’s marriage because losing worker
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Bann
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Public announcement that couple planned to marry
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Fur-collar crime
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Nobles used superior social status to rob and extort
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Legal dualism
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People subject to laws of their homeland
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Racism
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Was based on culture, language, now based on blood descent
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Dalimil Chronicle
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Survey of Bohemian history pervaded with Czech hostility towards Germans
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Communes
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Northern Italian cities, sworn associations of free men seeking complete political and economic independence from local nobles
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Popolo
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Men without qualifications of property, years of residence, social connections to hold power, used violence to take over city governments, wanted equality of taxation, movement for republican government, but failed
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Signori
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Despots, one-man rulers
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Oligarchies
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Rule of merchant aristocracies
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Princely court
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Opportunity for despot or oligarch to flaunt wealth
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Individualism
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Stress of personality, uniqueness, genius, full development of capabilities and talents
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Mannerism
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Artistic style popular during Italian High Renaissance, artificiality over naturalism, reflects growing self-consciousness of artist
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Humanism
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Christian revival of antiquity, profound interest in and study of Latin classics
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Secularism
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Basic concern with material world
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Gabelle
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Charles VII’s tax on salt
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Taille
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French land tax
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Conversos, Marranos, New Christians
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Spanish Jews forced to convert
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Pluralism
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Holding multiple church offices at once
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Absenteeism
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Not attending to one’s offices, not being present for one’s clerical duties
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Simony
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Sale of clerical offices
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Benefices
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Offices
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Indulgence
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The forgiveness of a sin for money
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Transubstantiation
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Catholic belief that bread and wine actually become body and blood of Christ, fully present through consecrating words of priest
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Consubstantiation
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Luther’s belief of spiritual change, Christ is really present but bread and wine not transformed
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Seven sacraments
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baptism, marriage, ordination, penance, communion/Eucharist, confirmation, Last Rites
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Preacherships
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Preachers, men of superior education, delivered about 100 sermons a year
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Claustration
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Strict enclosure of religious women, stressed by Council of Trent
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Baillis and seneschals
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Exercised fiscal and judicial responsibility in France
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Bourse
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Exchange
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Escorial
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Monastery northwest of Madrid, Philip II
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Portolans
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Written descriptions of the courses along which ships sailed
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Caciques
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Indian leaders, chiefs
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Viceroyalties
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Administrative divisions, viceroys exercise broad military and civil authority as representatives of crown
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Galleys
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Narrow, open boats propelled by manpower
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Caravel
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Small, light, three-masted sailing ship
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Audiencia
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Board of judges, highest judicial body, viceroy presides
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Intendants
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Royal officials with broad military, administrative, and financial authority
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Quinto
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One fifth all precious metals mined in South America, claimed by Spanish crown
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Corregidores
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Local Portuguese officials, held judicial and military powers
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Sabbats
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Assemblies of witches, sexual orgies, eating babies
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Elizabethan/Jacobean
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English music, poetry, prose, drama of late 1500s, early 1600s
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Baroque
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Art style, religious emotionalism, drama, motion, ceaseless striving, seen in Gesù, Jesuit Church of Jesus in Rome
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Sovereignty
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The possession of a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of force within clearly defined boundaries
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Absolutism
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Ruler has sovereignty, divine right
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Totalitarianism
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Twentieth-century, direct all facets of a state's culture in interests of state, total regulation
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Paulette
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Annual fee paid by royal officials to guarantee heredity in offices
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Généralités
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32 districts Richelieu divided France into, intendants had to perform tasks in them
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Noblesse de robe
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Newer judicial nobility in France
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Frondeur
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Opposer of French absolutist government
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Mercantilism
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A collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, especially commercial activities, by and for the state
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Servicios
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National Spanish taxes in 1500s, fell heavily on poor
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Constitutionalism
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The limitation of government by law, balance between power of government and rights of subjects
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Franchise
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Vote
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Commonwealth
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Republican government
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Stadholder
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Dutch representative for a province, appointed by States General
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Cabinet system
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Leading ministers formulate common policy, conduct business of country
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